Also, why is Chechnya's and Russia's history scarred by fighting? EDIT: Typo in title *heroes of the soviet union

For example the Japanese thought they had destroyed the USS Enterprise several times. Were any of the factions in WWII notably successful at hiding losses or convincing their opponents that active units were missing?

I always notice in movies set in the days before electronics that there is usually a "hero" making a big speech to get his army or crowd all pumped up, but sometimes he is barely yelling, and I don't feel like there is any way that 500 people could hear him let along 10,000+. Did speeches like that actually happen and how was the information relayed to everyone in the crowd/army? Was it like a "pass it along" type thing?

I was browsing wikipedia the other day getting ready for the new season of Vikings and saw that the character Rollo was was based on the great great great(however many generations) grand dad of the royal family in England.

This seems like a pretty amazing family line that has documentation to back it up, are there any longer ones?

Were they in iceberg teratory or was it a berg that had drifted south and was reasonably unexpected?

Was this a common thing?

I've read multiple times that western nuclear planners did not factor in the effects of heat from nuclear detonations instead only using blast. The result was that the city of Hiroshima was considered to need 4 1 megaton bombs to destroy rather than the 20kt bomb that did.

However I haven't found a justification of this?

Was it that the military didn't trust or understand the effect , or did they not want to acknowledge the phenomenon as it would undermine the narrative of nuclear survivability and feed the anti-nuclear lobby (CND etc.).

Does anyone have any insights?

Sorry if the question isn't clear. With understanding that zweihänders were used to destroy long-handled weapons and would wreak havoc in pike formations, would the wielder of it be wearing considerably more armor compared to his soldiers? What would the differences in armor be?

With regards to the physical requirements, were zweihänder soldiers trained differently? Were they generally bigger in stature to accommodate for the larger weapon?

I'm curious specifically into whether or not the person had to come from a member of the aristocracy or nobility, and what schooling or qualifications that person would have needed as well. I would also love any good suggestions on scholarly books on this time period. Thank you to anyone who answers!

Im wondering how history defines that start of economics, I know that when people settled and began collecting grain there was bartering that began taking place. But is this where people start of economics or would it be some later point where we started seeing the usage of coins?

I was watching a history documentary about D-Day when it was mentioned that the new German Panzer V excelled on the eastern front since it was perfect for "mobile defence" which the documentary mentioned was "the last hope for the wehrmacht" on the eastern front. What was this mobile defence? How was it conducted? What strategical defence ideas did the Wehrmacht adopt against the red army aside from the designated fortress ideas?

I just feel like May 1453 is a really random date to mark the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance.

I'm just curious if anyone has either had a drastic change of heart after taking office or if anyone has ever pulled a bait and switch? I have a hard time imagining the latter has happened, but maybe? And IF this has happened, what were the repercussions?

Hello /r/AskHistorians! I am just beginning on my 10th Grade project, and I am looking for some higher level (University, etc) works on the Holy roman empire from 962-~1300. I already have a fairly decent understanding of the basic history of the empire, having read much about on Encyclopedia Britannica, Wikipedia, etc, over the past couple of years.

My project is attempting to answer the question of "Why did the Holy Roman Empire never succeed in centralizing during the middle ages".

So, with that in mind, are there any good books on the Holy roman empire during the Middle ages? I'm NOT looking for anything on the Hapsburg era of the empire, only the Saxon, Salian, and Hohenstaufen dynasties.

In school they present the Romans as having copied the entire Greek religion. I always thought that seemed like a stupid argument, and remember the sneers of other kids in class. The way i saw it was that Jupiter was identified with Zeus the same way the Jewish Yahweh and the Muslim Allah are regarded as the same god.

On a trip to spain i learned that the Pillars of Hercules were called the Pillars of Melqart by the Phoenicians, who's religion predates the Greek and it appears the Greeks borrowed Hercules from them?

Whats the truth here? Wikipedia suggests Roman mythology has many differences from Greek mythology, and what they share can also be found across the Mediterranean. The Romans even have some of their own gods like Janus and Orcus