I am familiar with the types of ships and the innovations made during the civil war (USS Monitor, CSS Virginia). I also know that the first world war saw widespread use of battleships and warships of the like.

I am wondering what the ships were like in the intermediate decades. Anything I should know?

How and when did Judaism come to Germany? Did it come as wave(s) people? Were there any/many converts? Did they come from Palestine or Spain/the Mediterranean from their jewish population?

They are a substantial part of the german population and I wondered how they got there.

Maybe you can tell my the same about the rest of the Diaspora as well?

When did tipis begin to be used? When did they stop being used?
Where geographically in NA were they used? Were there any environments they were particularly well suited for?
How often did they deconstruct/reconstruct the tipi? How often did they completely replace the materials of the tipi/build an entirely new one? How long did it usually take to harvest the materials and then build one? For what purposes did they use the tipi? Were there specialist forms of tipi for unique purposes?
Who actually used the tipi at time of first contact and were these groups the originators or was it relatively wide spread?

Other questions I had include: Did these people have other buildings/structures they also used for separate purposes?
Were there other people sympatric with them who did not use tipis? What did they use?
How and when did the tipi become the stereotypical Native "building"?
Are there other Native American buildings/structures that were much more widespread in usage or characteristic of a much greater portion of the population and what the living conditions of the New World were?
Tipi, tepee or teepee?

EDIT: Spelling and formatting.

I am asking in terms of total trade goods produced/imported in the region as some sort of GDP-like medieval measure.

Around the 10th-11th century the Byzantine Empire in the South was obviously really wealthy and you had the Rus and Volga Bulgaria trading a lot in the North, having in my impression a lot more arabic traders than England or France. From what I've read about Western European trade, it was only in Italy, that there were places with significant trade networks at that time. So in general we could say that the East was richer than the West at that point in time. If so, when did that change?

The go to question in weightlifting to ask someone’s strength is always “how much you bench?” why is it that and not “how much do you squat/snatch/deadlift?” I have heard anecdotally that the standard used to be how much one can press over their head. Is this true? What caused the shift? I’ve limited my scope to US culture because that’s all I can personally speak for, but I’d love to hear answers from other cultures.

I'm realizing more and more how biased journalism tends to be, and it got me thinking that that's probably nothing new. Creative usage of statistics, phrasing, and omitting facts can be used to push specific narratives. I assume that hasn't really changed throughout history, considering the phrase "history is written by the victors".

How do historians keep sources' biases or narrative-pushing separate from the conclusions drawn from their research? Edit for clarity: How do historians keep the bias that exists in the sources they use from coming through in their research?

I'm watching band of brothers and I'm curious about what kind of equipment and/or weapons they carried. What determined who carried whatever weapon?

There are quite a few year-numbering systems that identify years as being "this epoch" or "before this epoch", like AD and BC in English. And there are also systems like premodern East Asia, where a new epoch is announced whenever the ruling classes deem it necessary. (Edit: It turns out that they did this in Europe too with "regnal years" -- thanks suggestshistorybooks!) But are there any examples in history of societies with a system in between, where multiple epochs are recognized, but there are still a limited number and there's no standard way of starting a new one?

For example, imagine if we English speakers used "BAUC" for pre-753 BC, "AUC" for 753-1 BC, and "AD" for everything afterwards. That would be the sort of thing I'm thinking of.

Edit: This was a bit unclear, but I also want to exclude repeating cycles within epochs like days of the week, Metonic cycles, etc. I'm not after variant calendrical systems so much as actual epochs or "calendar eras" like BC and AD, BH and AH in Islam, etc.

I also want to restrict this to formal administrative contexts, so for example the informal "Xth century" naming system used in English doesn't count.

Edit: By "formal administrative contexts", I mean systems that were used by government officials (and their equivalent) to specify particular years. As far as I am aware European countries have never said things like "year 20, Century 16" in the way they do say "1620 AD". The centuries are recognized as subdivisions of the overarching epoch "AD" (or "BC" in some cases).

I am in possession of some literature that includes personal biographies/histories of my ancestors from the US Midwest in the mid-to-late 1800s.

In one of the stories, an ancestor of mine has a conversation with a Native American. In the course of the conversation, my ancestor teases the Native American by asking him if he is Black (I think he actually says "Are you a nigger?", but I don't have the story in front of me) and he becomes very offended because (as it is explained in the story) it is well-known that the Native Americans hate Blacks.

Does anybody have any idea why this might be? I have never come across anything else to suggest the state of relations between Blacks and Native Americans in the US Midwest otherwise.

EDIT: I should also say that this story probably takes place in Iowa

So here's my life story in regaurds to history...when I was a sophomore I was pressured to declare a major so I decided to pursue history since I found it interesting. Ended up double majoring in History and Poly Sci, but the thing is I can't find ANYTHING local to fuel my history major. As I go on from year to year I am starting to think that my passion for history is just a passion, nothing more. Right now I am working at State Farm, I'd love to do something with history I just can't think of what I'd want to do. Does anyone else feel this?? (study history, have no idea what you wanna do)

I remember Crash Course mentioned not being sure why they somewhat Coincided.

It appears to me that the federal income tax is the predominant federal tax today. The other federal taxes that I am aware of are the estate, gift, and gst tax as well as tariffs and perhaps taxes on export, but it is my (perhaps erroneous) understanding that the income tax far exceeds these in producing revenue. So before 1913 and the passage of the 16th amendment authorizing the income tax, what was the federal tax system made up of? Was there a federal sales tax or property tax, or was the federal government funded just by tariffs and fees and fines? Furthermore, did the income tax greatly increase the tax revenue of the federal government, and how so?

I've seen this referenced many times, and recently saw a NewsReel of the transportation of war goods from Basra up through the USSR.

This is a journey of epic proportions, and while we know of the heroics of the Red Ball Express, I know very little about what happened in this... really... nearly mythic logistics effort during WWII.

While I'd like an outline, are there any references I can look at for more detail?