*contrasted not contracted

After living in Ireland for awhile, I got used to drinking by the pint. Returning to America, I had to get used to drinking the smaller beers again. Where did these seemingly arbitrary sizes come from? I understand where the litre sizes that are used in Europe come from, but never quite got why beers in America are so small and why the British and Irish drink larger beers.

I'm writing a memoir (for school) from a first-person perspective of someone who lived in the Soviet Union and looking for more information on the selection process for the Soviet secret police, specifically the Joint State Political Directorate.

In modern times, you see most men having short hair and most women having longer hair. However, it seems like something like that is more of a product of society instead of something like genetics, so that led me to wonder about this question. I hope this isn't more of a science question rather than a history question.

Edit: Question should be "At what point did having longer hair become more of a feminine trait?"

Specifically, the texts "Revolutionary Mothers" by Carol Berkin and "God of Liberty" by Thomas Kidd. Some questions I have are.. -what are some key points of synthesis? -How were eighteenth century American women effected by religion and vice versa?
-How did this relationship (women/religion) effect the American Revolution as a whole?

I'm curious about a book regarding the German commanders during WWI. I'm not talking about guys like Ludendorff or Hindeburg, there's plenty of stuff about those, but second tier generals, like Max Hoffmann, von Hutier, von Francois etc

I think he committed seppuku after he was left to surrender or almost being caught.

This is kind of a broad question and I know were not suppose to use current events, so in history have isolation policies ever actually benefited the country into getting what they want? Or are they pretty much always bad and the result is a nation is worse off than before.

Also when I say isolation Im pretty much referring to isolation from the west, Western EU, UK & US etc.

Today I heard somewhere, probably on Crashcourse History, something that was phrased very roughly as "Ottoman Turks are mostly descendants of people who already inhabited Anatolia before the Seljuk Turks arrived"

Even though I'm probably misremembering it somewhat, how true is this statement? And who were these people? I imagine mostly Greeks but Roman Empire was fairly multicultural.

Why and how did Sweden/Norway/Denmark/the UK/the Netherlands/Belgium get so secular over the 20th century? Considering most of these states had an official church and almost all of them funded at least some religious groups with public money and still do, how did they get to be some of the least religious countries in the world over the 20th century?

Did the World Wars have anything to do with this? If not, when did the population start to shift away from religious belief?

I was reading a book about the battle when I thought of the question. I took to researching about why, but never found a solid answer.

Curious. Did the effects ripple that far on?

The neighboring states of California and basically everything besides Texas that is west of the Mississippi is pretty low population. How, and why, did California in specific become so high in population and economy?

USSR's involvement in Cuba overshadows their entanglements with other nations in Latin and South America and I would like to know more.

Let me give a few examples: the idea of immaculate conception can be found in the narratives of the Buddha, Lord Vishnu, and Jesus Christ. Self sacrifice and subsequent resurrection are found with both Odin and the World Tree, and Christ on the Cross. (I'm a former Christian, so I'm sorry for the focus on that- it's what I'm familiar with.)

Basically, my question is this: Is there an easy way for me to view how religious ideas and central beliefs have borrowed and evolved from each other? A certain book, or visual source that uses many examples? Thanks.

Like, lord or some hierarchy? Or was it more similar to the Vikings? Did they have any ranks equal to Lord? Titles?