What's the first recorded pyramid scheme?

2 Answers 2014-10-31

What was Normandy called before its viking conquest by Rollo?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Ukrainian Famine Debate: documentary suggestions

Hello, I am currently taking a course in Russian and Soviet History and I have decided to write a paper about the historical debate surrounding the Ukrainian famine of the 20s with collectivization. Since nothing is ever simple when concerning the USSR and policy, I was wondering if any professors out there would know of an intellectually stimulating and non-melodramatic documentary I could watch. Perhaps something to give me a better overview and possible inspiration. I would very much appreciate it.

2 Answers 2014-10-31

During the Salem witch trials, if an accused witch confessed, they were not executed. Was any other crime in Puritan society treated this way where a confession could spare you of a punishment?

5 Answers 2014-10-31

When/how did 'clapping' after a performance become conventional?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Why is the American Halloween tradition so different from the European Day of the Dead?

Kids going around collecting candy, and no mention at all of honoring your ancestors. The Mexicans do it with style, but they seem to have similar traditions to those in, say, Italy. Why is America different?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

When would Dr. Watson be pressed to give up his revolver?

In the books he owned a service revolver (do I understand it right that as an officer he had to purchase his own gun and that he didn't "forget" to return it to the armory when he left the army?) until it was lost in an experiment. Had he kept it and had he lived long enough, when would he have to hand it over to the police?

In addition, could Holmes or Mrs. Hudson or their milkman legally own a firearm back then, and would the cutoff date be any different for them?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Has any politician ever held office in multiple countries?

2 Answers 2014-10-31

Why was it imperative to the allies to end the monarchy in Germany? Why not just appoint a new monarch?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

What did famous people of history think of other famous people of history?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Did "long trigger" nuclear subs -- meant to surface several months after a nuclear war, listen for orders, and if not finding any, launch a second strike at the other side -- ever exist? Was it even discussed?

I've seen a few scant references and one was from a sci fi novel named "Warday."

1 Answers 2014-10-31

How "Accurate" were the claims for German Air-to-Air victories in WW2

This questions was caused by a "wehraboo" I met in real life pointing to the wikipedia page on the list of flying aces.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_flying_aces

I take most WW2 german kill counts with a heavy grain of salt, and most post-war studies do show that, for example, Michael Wittmann's exploits in the tiger were greatly exaggerated. But when I took a look at the wiki page, and the corresponding sources, the numbers seemed absurd.

When one tallies up the total number of air victories scored by just the documented aces, the number comes out to be 42614 !

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1hgIFquDxGPhxHPy7Rhsf8VT6r66D3W89DZQYgMoWaww/edit?usp=sharing

That's equal to the production runs of the P-47, P-51, and Yak-9 combined, the 3 allied fighter workhorses of the European front. I understand that not all air-to-air kills, or even most of them were between fighters, but rather fighters killing bombers/attack aircraft, but the 42 thousand number just seem absurd. Never mind the kills made by run of the mill, non-ace pilots.

So, how much of the count can be attributed to exaggerations, how much to piloting skill, and how much to the way that pilots were managed?

2 Answers 2014-10-31

When did the average soldier in a standing armies begin using fireams that reloaded quickly and easily?

Caveat - I do not have much of a background on this topic.

I don't quite know how to ask what I want to ask, but I've wanted to ask this since I first saw how long it took to reload a musket - and that muskets were still being using in the American Civil War.

When did rifles first appear that didn't require a soldier to bite off a cartridge, shove a ramrod into the muzzle, then a bullet, then the ramrod again before being able to fire?

If necessity is the mother of invention wouldn't an army that could wield a firearm that reloads quicker than a musket have done serious damage? If so, why did it (seemingly) take so long for this to happen?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Did the dying Gaul die?

This guy http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dying_Gaul suffered a stab wound to his abdomen which did not puncture his lungs...with apparently little loss of blood. Assuming his intestines were perforated but other organs were spared and no major vessels were severed, couldn't ancient doctors clean his wound and stitch his intestines?

Granted it was a political sculpture, but why isn't he still fighting?? Why is he being such a wus?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Good books on USSR under Stalin?

Just finished reading figes A People's Tragedy and I want to know what happens next!

2 Answers 2014-10-31

Eastern Bloc nations had sports cars like the ZIL-112 Sports and the Melkus RS -1000. Who would be the type of people driving these ? Didn't the fact they existed stick out like a sore thumb in those countries?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

How were Asian banks restructured after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis? (x-post /r/AskSocialScience)

1 Answers 2014-10-31

What happened to the royal families of Europe after monarchies dissolved?

There must still be issue of the monarchs of Europe...what are they doing today and what has the last few hundred years been like for their families?

2 Answers 2014-10-31

What was the first instance of photographic evidence being used in court?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

Norse vs. Anglo-Saxon government in Pre-Conquest England

In Robin Fleming's Britain After Rome, she says that the people of Dublin, York, and Northumbria preferred the Anglo-Saxon overlordship to that of the Norse. Why? What were the Norse doing that made the Anglo-Saxon methods preferable?

I'm specifically talking about the tenth-ish century.

EDIT: Clarity.

1 Answers 2014-10-31

How was the American Panama Canal project negative?

It seems like a through and through positive thing, so I'm wondering what the downsides to it were. Sources would be nice please.

1 Answers 2014-10-31

How did football become the most popular sport in the world?

1 Answers 2014-10-31

It is often thought that the "self", the individual, did not exist in pre-modern time. Religious officials who act as the spiritual intermediaries to the common person is one cited example. To me it sounds more like "middle age" than "pre-modern" though. How about in the antiquity?

I was re-reading a text on Foucault, and came across this passage,

Foucault’s genealogies question such sociological categories as ‘society’ and the ‘individual’ by emphasizing their historical development. Even more, they reconceptualize the relationship between the ‘individual’ and ‘society’, as it has traditionally been understood. Since it emerged in the nineteenth century sociology has treated ‘society’ as a modern phenomenon, while ‘individuals’ were thought to have existed since the beginning of human history, organizing themselves in ‘natural’, face-to-face relationships. Foucault’s genealogical histories show that the formation of ‘individuals’ has been contemporaneous with the formation of the ‘social’ or ‘society’.

I thought that, by "pre-modern time", much of what addressed by Foucault (and I suppose by other philosophers and sociologists) is actually "middle age". They don't seem to address what happened in "ancient time". Religious officials who act as the spiritual intermediaries to the common person sounds really middle age to me. But of course this is an uneducated guess.

Today we understand individuals as autonomous agents, men who decide their own fate, not dependent on another person-in-authority (like the religious officials who act as spiritual intermediaries), the "creator" of their own self.

Do we know how common people in antiquity see themselves?

I'm most curious especially in early and late antique era Christianity (somewhere along 1 AD - 600 AD). But other eras/areas are also really welcomed. Thank you!

1 Answers 2014-10-31

US entry in WWII

When Japan attacked the US in 1941, why did the US go to war against all the Axis powers? I know Hitler declared war against the US, and that the Allies were much closer to the US. But shouldn't the US have used its resources to defeat the attacker first?

2 Answers 2014-10-31

Has any country that engaged in mass surveillance of its own citizens avoided becoming totalitarian?

We have quite a few imaginary examples of countries with mass survelliance ("1984", etc), but do we have any historical examples of countries engaging in mass survelliance? And if yes, have any of those countries avoided becoming totalitarian?

The question was raised by a famous cryptographer Bruce Schneier in this article, but was not answered.

1 Answers 2014-10-31

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