Where there any Dutch soldiers during the evacation? It was pretty close to the dutch border.

From what I've read Jews were only really emancipated in the UK around the 1830's, and European society remained broadly antisemitic until after WW2. Did Disraeli have to overcome a lot of prejudice or was the English political establishment relatively progressive in this regard?
I'm also curious if foreign leaders took issue with it (apparently Bismarck affectionately referred to him as "der alte Jude", which at least suggests it was a defining characteristic) or if his Jewishness was used in propaganda.

B-29 program cost 3 billion USD in 1940s money, around 40 billion USD today while Manhattan stands at 2 billion 1940s USD. I always thought Manhattan Project was pretty expensive because well, it clearly created something quite extraordinary in immense time pressure and constraints. But just a new model of bomber? I mean, it has great range and all, but this cost seems a bit absurd.

What are some specific examples of Native American tribes that were wiped out by other tribes in pre-contact North America? Beyond just the basic facts are there any sources referencing the movement of humans and how currently recognized tribes were able to win territory?

I've found some decent info on fighting between tribes/cultures in Central and South America but I'm having trouble finding some good examples of tribes which were wiped out (or forcefully absorbed) by competing groups in pre-Columbus North America. One example I've found is the Mississippian culture building walls in attempt to defend itself before ultimately losing and disappearing as a group. Any further details on such events (such as aggressors, causes, types or warfare, etc.) would be incredibly helpful. Thanks in advance.

One thing that I wonder about is how did someone come up with the idea of mining rocks, then throwing them on the strongest fire available to melt and then let it cool to see it harden again.

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Did we find meteorites first and then started looking for metals? Or did metals come from mining rocks for other uses?

Herodotus recorded soldiers and supplies from the region of Syria Palaistini(a region that includes modern-day Israel and Palestinian Territories north of the Nahal Be'er Sheva), but the war wasn't mentioned in any Jewish source about Jewish lives in Persian era.

I'm reading On China and Kissinger says:

Chinese today can understand inscriptions written in the age of Confucius

Is this true? And if so, how was Chinese writing able to stay so static over such a long period when languages like English are indecipherable to modern readers when looking at texts from only 600 years ago?

I am researching Roman slavery and I have plenty of secondary sources, but I am looking for primary ones to aid in my study. I have seen a few select quotes here and there from Cicero, Seneca, ect. However, is there more substantial primary sources on Roman slavery out there?

I'm reading The Count of Monte Cristo and it's incredible how respectable people would rather die than break their oaths, not to mention the incredible amount of duels. One character is even allowed to endanger a huge conspiracy just because he promised not to tell about it to anyone and his word was trusted! Of course the book is fiction, but I wonder how it really was.

I've read that new parts of the text are constantly being found, and that it's best to read the most recent translations. What translation do you suggest is best at this moment?

Apologies if this isn't the right place to ask this, but I thought I'd take a chance and see.

I recently became interested in the history of the First and Second Opium Wars after watching a short but engaging video on it on Youtube by HistoryMatters. I did a quick google for books on the topic but nothing really stood out and I'm too unfamiliar to know what's quality and who's a respected name, so I ended up not getting anything.

So long story short: is there consensus for a good book or author on the two opium wars? I'd really appreciate any guidance before I drop some cash on a book.

Were homesteaders in the 19th century Western US processing their own lumber to build their houses? Was the ability to process lumber common knowledge ?

Mostly the thought kinda tickles me, that considering how heavily influenced the colonies were by the British, Washington and other founding fathers could have had British accents instead of the John Wayne sounding voice we Americans hear in our heads

And maybe more obscure, but how were the Ryukyuans treated as well? Were they treated just like Japanese? Was there a difference between the way Ainu were treated and Ryukyuans and why? (I'd presume language would be the main factor if so, but confirmation is always welcome)

What was the reaction of French Catholics when France went to war in support of the protestants after they had fought french protestants for years prior? We know now that it was a more anti-Hapsburg decision but what did people back then think of it?

I am a history undergrad and currently trying to find my area of interest, I decided to give a go to history of Japan, specificaly about the relations with the europeans, but I've found myself in the dark as I am having difficulties to find a specialist in my department.