I'm studying for the American Government clep exam, and the question was "The United States Constitution was opposed by which group?" The answer should be the anti-federalists, but the "correct" answer was the royalists. My question is, after America gained their freedom and then ratified a new constitution after the articles of confederacy, were there still loyalists in positions of power? And if so, were there enough of them to make up any type of voting bloc that had to be courted?

I know Saladin (Salah ad-Din) and King Richard (the Lionheart) had a mutual respect for each other as enemies, and even corresponded with each other at times. My question is: do any of these letters still exist, and if not, are there any existing primary sources that might give some insight into this relationship?

Sorry if this has been asked before. I looked and could not find the question.

Aside from kitsch nut-crackers apparently made in the GDR sold on Ebay, I have not been able to find any information on whether or not Oktoberfest celebrations were held in East Germany during Communist rule.

I'm a PhD student studying the Cold War in Latin America. I've read several books in the historiography while preparing for my comprehensive exams, and it still boggles my mind why some historians prefer to capitalize the War as a historical event, while others refer it lowercase. Any thoughts?

From all the legalism in Islam, I like to think of Assyrian Baghdad would have belly dancers and Persian style(ish) carpets and hookahs and uniquely built churches that resemble mosques and more peaceful before the introduction of Islam in modern day Iraq, I would like to think something like Aladdin's agrabah type world but minus Islam and just have Jews and oriental orthodox Assyrian Christians.

I was playing Civilization and it said I had some really large number population and I thought to myself that doesn't seem right for the time period. And then I thought back to other games I played where towns had maybe 5-10 families living there and not much more and thought that wasn't right either.

So, I know this is tough to narrow down, but let's say a town/city in the late Roman Empire or in Europe before the population boom of the middle ages, what would their populations and town layouts be like? How many families could you expect to be in a square mile or so? Thanks!

A sizable proportion of the Hmong and Degar/Montagnard ethnic groups fought alongside the French, ARVN, and American forces. Hmong Daw, Jarai, Rhade, Mong Njua, Bahnar, etc. Many fled as refugees after the fall of South Vietnam to escape violent reprisals and persecution by the victors.

• How did the French obtain and keep their allegiance?

• Were Hmong/Degar residents given any special privileges or rights during colonial rule?

• What was the general US/FWF assessment of their role and contributions in the wars that followed for former French Indochina?

• Cultural differences between the ethnic groups that fought for the South versus the North?

Did they really protect old Roman records? I've been told this before but I'm wondering if its true.

I know there are many reasons Nazi Germany lost the war, but i personally believe that if Nazi Germany did not invade Russia, breaking their treaty, Russia might have not had a stake in the war and wouldnt have pushed Nazi Germany all the way back to Berlin

I believe that perhaps some converts went and fought, but not sure.

Did he ever try to change his name?

And why have multiple campaigns to rescind them been unsuccessful?

The Ilkhanate financial minister Sadr al-Dīn was accused by Rashīd al-Dīn of being a Mazdakite after his disastrous attempt at introducing Chinese-style paper currency to the Persian economy. David Morgan calls Mazdak "the prophet of a curious quasi-communistic movement of pre-Islamic Persia". Can anyone tell me more? What beliefs could characterize a person as a Mazdakite, and could such a movement have persisted to the 13th century?