Title says it all. There was some serious badness inflicted onto the native people in the United States part of North America during American expansion to the West. As bad as anything else that occurred in the world. I am wondering if the surviving Native American nations have been paid reparations for what occurred? As a secondary question, has what occurred ever been recognized as an American genocide?

Under Napoleon, they beat coalitions against most of Europe multiple times. Why just 100 years later did the Germans expect a quick victory against them but a long defensive war against Russia? And also, why did the Germans not achieve a quick victory?

I've seen the infamous photo of “The last Jew of Vinnytsia.” sometimes with a short note saying that on the back of the photo the German soldier had written “The last Jew of Vinnytsia.” Does anyone know more about the circumstances of the discovery of this photo? Who found it and how was it discovered? Was it donated to museum? Were the soldiers ever named/charged?

You hear "explain the world" and "control the populace" but those seems like very presumptive and biased explanations.

Did the term Earth have any other special meaning before humans knew what a planet was? Are there modern languages that do not use a translation of earth for the name of our planet?

If you and I each saw "Hamlet" or "A Midsummer Nights Dream" around the same time, but performed in two different locations by two different theatrical companies, would there be significant deviations in the performances we saw (that is to say, beyond just minor differences in the way particular actors delivered their lines/their overall acting ability)?

Compared to the Ming and Qing, the Han don't seem all that special. Why do people consider them China's "Golden Age"?

Were they even able to see it? Has there been any shifts in German opinion of it?

Listening to old clips of programmes from the dawn of recording up until perhaps the 60s, there seemed to be a clipped, nasal cadence that permeated American broadcasting and politicians. At what point in history did speech delivery transform into the more conversational, flowing technique we know today?

Yes, I've checked the book list :).

In brief, I would love a recommendation of a source for a narrative (fun to read) history of the rise of the Ottoman Empire, and its reign through at least the capture of Constantinople. Thanks to college, and refresher reads of my books, I have a weak-to-okay grasp on early Islam through the Abassids, but because late antiquity was my favorite period, I never moved much beyond it!

In the alternative I would be thrilled to read someone's explanation of how the Ottomans relate to the early caliphate, and how they ruled. Thank you in advance!

Sorry if this isn't the right place for the question, but it seems historical and I figured you guys must know it, as you know everything.

I'm a bit of a fan of the Soviet Union, and bought a replica Hero of the Soviet Union medal. I expected it would have a pin to attach to clothing, but its got a screw. Looking online showed that the originals also were like this, but I don't understand how that works.

I'm really curious as to how it was worn, not just for my own sake, but to understand how the Soviets wore it as well. Thanks.

I know Europeans used Roman numerals but what did they use in China,India and japan?

Out of curiosity I enrolled in a course on Coursera taught by Yuval Noah Harari called A Brief History of Humankind. I quickly dropped it, turned off by what I felt to be sloppy research, overreliance on trendy evopsych just-so stories, and a highly tendentious, thesis-driven approach to an unworkable broad topic. (The course is based on a book that is forthcoming in English and the purpose of the course appears to be to promote that book.)

I then googled around and found that Harari is a professor of medieval history with a decent publication record.

I was wondering what Harari's reputation is among fellow medievalists, since on Coursera he came off as a little bit of a huckster.

If anybody else has other WWII submarine questions, please ask also.

Any additional research resources or information is welcome, thank you! :)