Why didn't most Iranians adopt Arabic but most Moroccans did?

There's lots of text detailing the fall of the Roman empire in Rome, but what about Greece? How was Greece affected culturally by the rise and fall of the Roman empire?

How did the notion of political veto come to be, and by what rights or criteria did the nation/state/individual come to such power?

When did it first become part of college and high school curriculums? What was the reaction in the contemporary jazz community?

I've been reading into many things from the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period of China and read into the life of Sun Bin, the famous military strategist. Only in passing was it mentioned that he had been subject to cipei by the state of Wei for treason and had his kneecaps removed, and this left me with a decent bit of curiosity.

• Were there different tattoos for different crimes?
• How did this practice or their design differ by state?
• Do we have any idea of how they looked?
• Upon exile, would the people in other Chinese states hold the person in disdain for the crime which marked their face? Did this distaste go above the normal disdain of tattoos typical in China?
• Are there any cases of non-Chinese being subject to this? Was this towards any of the minority groups who already tattoo their own faces voluntarily?

I'm open to any other specifics that can be brought up too.

Thanks

Sometimes castles have hundreds of rooms, which just seems ridiculous. Was it just to show off, or did you actually use the rooms for something?

Did they not have an army? They had one of the biggest, most powerful armies in the 17th-18th centuries I believe, so how come they did not stand a chance against Germany?

I'm anti-circumcision. I'm in a group of people who try to educate people on the practice. I've heard people on my side source quotes from Kellogg and others which advocate circumcision to reduce masturbation frequency.

What I can't figure out, is if these people actually influenced circumcision rates. Was this the main reason why people in that time period circumcised?

Thanks for any help you can offer.

A standard cohort consisted of 6 centuries (80 soldiers each plus 20 support staff) - a total of 600 men.

However the first cohort had 5 double sized centuries (160 soldiers each plus 40 support staff each) for a total of 1,000 men.

So why was the first cohort larger than the others?

So for 40 years of my life I thought I was Welsh and Irish, but a great-uncle of mine just told me emphatically, "no, we're not Irish. We're Scots-Irish." Apparently the Scots where sent to Northern Ireland to "subdue" the Irish in the 1700s, and then my family immigrated to the US soon after. Apologies if this has been asked before. Could anyone point me to some resources about who the Scots-Irish were? Our family name is McWhorter/WcWhirter, FWIW.

Does it have any place in their religion?

Did the Roman legions ever have to face heavy armed shock cavalry equipped with stirrups for increased rider stability and employing couched lances for maximum force of impact (i.e., anything resembling medieval knights)?

Armed with short throwing spears (pila) and lacking long pikes how could the Romans stop such a cavalry charge?

We can take the medieval Europe for reference as a time period. I sometimes wondered whether this could have been a possibility when I see large corporations poaching on each other's CEOs or similar leaderships.

I know the captain of the ship played a huge rule in the sinking because of his strange steering pattern (sailing close to shore, driving slow, not zigzagging), but I've always wondered if the Germans knew there were munitions aboard before they fired. I read many books ago the Germans "suspected," but I don't remember if the evidence given for even that claim was reputable.

I was reading the Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar just after Titus Andronicus, so I started to wonder about the communication after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Thank you for reading my question.