How did Icelandic language develop separate from other Scandinavian languages?

In summary the title, I want to learn more about where the Icelandic language started to become its own language separate from the Danish. From what I’ve done of my own online research is that it’s more close to old Norse than other Scandinavian languages with a few modernized ways of pronouncing and spelling certain words.

I’m wondering if anyone here knows a good timeline or great reading I can look into to learn more, if not at least find a good foothold to look into more.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

The Holocaust was a state secret (albeit loosely kept) during WWII - did the Nazis ever give any thought to how they would explain the disappearance of millions of European Jews if they won the war?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Did swords look like saws after a battle?

I saw an interesting thread over on /r/eli5 on this question, and I wondered if any of you kind folks could give a more in-depth answer.

Original thread

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Kazakhstan was the last republic to leave the Soviet Union, even after Russia left. Meaning that for four days, they were the de facto USSR. As the five permanent UN Security Council members (the P5) included the USSR, why is Russia on the council today instead of Kazakhstan?

2 Answers 2022-10-21

Today, mercenaries are often paid much more than regular military soldiers to fight. Did that hold true in the ancient world? Did Cyrus the Younger pay a ton of money to get the "elite" 10,000 Greek hoplites to help his army wage war against his brother?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

what factors led to George HW bush losing reelection?

He defeated one of the largest militaries in the world and was president during the fall of the ussr. Wouldn’t these things make him very popular among the people?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Any good recommendations for books on ww1 and the periods before and after?

Im really only knowledgeable on small bits and really want to hone my knowledge on this subject.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Would a 2st Century farmer in Roman Gaul speak Latin at home, or Gaulish? To what extent did surviving Gaulish or other pre-Roman languages influence the divergence between Romance languages as they evolved from Latin into French, Spanish, etc?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Why did England (Angle-land) beat out Saxland (Saxon-Land) or Juteland?

If I remember correctly, all three people arrived roughly the same time. And the notion of a united England, at least in part, developed out of land that had been conquered by Saxons (Wessex). So why was the name England chosen from all of the present ethnicities of early medieval Britain?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

How literate were the Gauls and the Celts?

I've what I find is an inconsistent image of Gauls literacy before roman conquest. On the one hand, my mental image is that they didn't leave much if any written traces. On the other hand, they formed a complex society and were already in tight contact and had lot of commercial exchange with Romans and Greeks, who for sure were literate and thus they were exposed to writing.

What are my misconceptions? If applicable, what are the major explanations for the fact that the practice of writing didn't percolate more in the Gauls culture?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Since when were rulers counted?

Sorry for bad Englisch: My question is since when were rulers counted? I'm thinking about e.g. Philipp II. of Macedonia, was he known to his subjects as "the second"? Or was it later, maybe the Middle Ages? When did this practice start?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

There are proof of some civilisations prior than sumerians?

Afaik the Sumerians are the older civilisations in history, but I’ve been wondering if there are proof of some civilisations older of them.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Friday Free-for-All | October 21, 2022

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

5 Answers 2022-10-21

The Philippines and Mexico were part of the same nation (sort of) as recently as 1821. How come their attitudes to Catholic teachings have diverged so widely since then?

The "sort of" refers to how they were both Spanish colonies, ruled from Mexico City as the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

In the Philippines:

  • It's legal to be LGBT, but no further rights are afforded to LGBTs
  • Only a few cities have laws against some anti-gay discrimination
  • Divorce is still completely illegal
  • Abortion is still completely illegal

In Mexico:

  • Most states allow same-sex marriages, and the supreme court forces all states to recognise it
  • All anti-gay discrimination is illegal nationwide
  • No-fault divorce is legal, and for many years, the ease of getting a divorce there led to the phenomenon of the Mexican divorce
  • Abortion is permitted in cases of rape

While one can say that the Philippines has a different cultural attitude to these issues which is incomparable to Western nations or Mexico (for example, the phenomenon of Bakla), is there a reason why the legislation in the Philippines has remained far more steadfast to Catholic teachings than that of Mexico? Both Mexico and the Philippines have indigenous peoples converted to Catholicism by the Spanish, and later were heavily influenced by the USA.

From my own experience, it seems like left vs right politics is still nascent in the Philippines, it's still mainly personality-based politics there.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Were Hellenestic kings/generals always expected to lead from the front?

If so, would this not have a detrimental effect on their ability to direct the army in battle?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Why is Robin Hood so heavily associated with that particular hat?

You know the one.

I only just found out that it is called a bycocket, that it was popular between the 13th and 16th Century, and it was indeed often decorate with feathers. And it seems that any version of Robin Hood that isn't trying to be super serious gives him the hat.

Which is a bit weird, given that it is historically accurate...

I may have just answered my own question here, but it can't have been the only hat worn during Robin's supposed era. When and why did it become so synonymous with the character?

2 Answers 2022-10-21

When did the "Real men don't cry" mindset have started? Was it already present in pre-modern era?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Who is Pc bull at the Hyde park rally?

On the daily express as newspaper 1934 dated September 10th there is a political cartoon about the hyde park rally (i do have a picture of this source if anyone wants to see it) in it P.c Bull holds up two figures, one being Moseley one being representative of a rival meeting at hyde rally. I was wondering if anyone knows about a P.c Bull who was at the meeting as i cannot find anything on him and if this is the case and due to the date 1934 appearing on his collar it is more likely that he is there as a figure to represent feelings towards the BUF and rival parties at the time.

Being a Daily Express cartoon from the time it could be either way, but i would appreciate any imput on this.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Have economic sanctions ever resulted in the initial stated desired outcome goals of the sanctions against the target country?

I'm wondering if this is tracked anywhere, has this ever happened?

  1. Country A defines a set of desired outcomes for new economic sanctions against Country B.
  2. Country A imposes sanctions on Country B.
  3. The desired outcomes defined in Step 1 are the actual results of the economic sanctions against Country B.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Is there anything about what the first Enigma message cracked by the British/Polish said? If so, what was it?

In the movie "The Imitation Game," it showed Alan Turing and the Bletchley Park Hut 8 team cracking what is probably the first enigma message cracked by the British: heading commands for the German torpedo boat KMS Jaguar.

I'd just like to see if any other historical texts or entries either verify or go against this story. As far as I have researched, no historian has recorded the first Enigma code cracked by the British. In addition, the Poles were the first to crack Enigma before the British, correct? What was their first message that time? Similar to my research with the British codebreaking scene, no historian has documented the first code broken by the Poles.

Of course, with them only declassifying the Enigma-cracking strategies after the war (and the Poles declassifying their strategy before the Battle of Britain), it might be hard to deduce what the first message could've been, but I would still like to know if it has been documented anywhere, or will we never know.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

In ASOIAF, bastard children born to royalty are given common surnames depending on the region indicating that they are illegitimate children. Is this any real life historical example of this practice?

1 Answers 2022-10-21

When did hoplites last take the field?

When and where, did hoplites in the traditional sense, last take the field for battle? For contex, the hoplite is the Greek heavy infantry man fighting in the phalanx with aspis, thrusting spear, shortsword, and wearing some kind of body armor and helmet. I am awear of a few sources which use the word, but by the contex aren't talking about hoplites. And the "Hoplite" need not be Greek, per say, but a people influenced by them.

1 Answers 2022-10-21

Are there any notable examples of the U.S. working with a left-leaning government instead of overthrowing and replacing them with a right-leaning one during the Cold War?

  • There are plenty of historical examples of the U.S. overthrowing and replacing left-leaning governments with right-leaning ones, and I am wondering if there are any significant examples of the U.S. choosing to work with left-leaning governments instead of overthrowing them.
  • If there are, why did the U.S. choose to work with them instead of overthrowing them?

1 Answers 2022-10-20

What can you tell me about the Spanish Inquisition, or was the Spanish Inquisition "A Thing" ?

Let me explain the title and give some context: I was listening to a livestream on youtube (of Preston Jacobs) and he saw some comments joking about the Spanish Inquisition. This seemed to upset him, and he said (paraphrasing):

Here's the thing about the Spanish Inquisition: it wasn't really a thing. Like, yes, there was an official document signed by the Pope, but ask a real Historian, "What can you tell me about the Spanish Inquisition?" and their first answer will be, "It wasn't really a thing." All of the things we think about with the Spanish Inquisition were already happening long before the document was signed, and lasted for so long that we can't really put a date to it. So asking questions like, "How many people died in the Spanish Inquisition?" can't be answered because what date do we start counting and stop counting?

So I want to put this to the test and ask you historians: "What can you tell me about the Spanish Inquisition?" Will your first answer be, "It wasn't really a thing?" Is Preston correct in his dismissal of the Spanish Inquisition not really being a thing?

(P.S. I'm aware that "A thing" is very vague. I'm hoping historians will either a.) know what Preston is talking about and elaborate on it or b.) be as confused as I am and thus disprove his claim)

Thanks!

Edit: Here is a link to the livestream: link and he starts talking about this at the 2:47:40 mark (go back to 2:34:36 for even more context, but probably not necessary)

3 Answers 2022-10-20

Is "The Woman King" any more historically inaccurate than most other period pieces?

I've seen a lot of hate towards The Woman King. A lot of it is said because it's historically inaccurate.

I've seen it and I've read the historical inaccuracies on Wikipedia. Indeed there are inaccuracies (and I know the main plot is fictional). But is this any worse than many other popular "history" movies? Movies like The Patriot, Gladiator, Braveheart, 300, The Last Samurai, Amadeus, Apocalypto, etc.

I know those movies get criticisms and comments on inaccuracies. But they don't seem to get the hate that this movie is getting. And they are still regarded as great movies. I'm just trying to understand what the difference is here.

2 Answers 2022-10-20

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