This photo of amun min is constantly claimed by conspiracy theorists as proof of microscopic technology or something. What's the truth?

Obviously there's some hieroglyphs saying something where the stream crosses paths but what does it actually say? I've seen the symbol be referred to as "o" but I'm not sure and would appreciate being able to form a better understanding. Thank you for your help.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/andr.12599

1 Answers 2020-11-27

I'm a well educated Frech noble circa 1530. I've been steeped in Renaissance ideals, and maybe I've taken a swing through Italy to tour city states and Roman ruins. Do I idealize the Venetian and Genonian republics? How dissatisfied am I with the French Monarchy and political system?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Literature on the Republic of Venice

Hi, I have to do a presentation about the Republic of Venice next week, are there any good books about the topic which are not too long?

Thanks

Edit: any material that is not books is also appreciated.

2 Answers 2020-11-27

How did people from different early civilisations and nations learned to communicate with each other without knowing the language? Did they have any troubles due to the language barrier and how were they overcome?

For instance communication between Roman and Persian empires with China or European explorers in America, India, Japan etc.

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Best Historians for Learning About Communist Countries of the Past

I’m not personally a communist, but I am still very fascinated by learning about how these countries that called themselves communist have operated in the past. I don’t want to read far right or far left sources that will distort the history of what happened in these countries to fit their narratives, but I’d like to read about them from someone who holds them accountable for the awful things they’ve done, while also showing what communist countries were able to do well.

I’ve really enjoyed listening to Stephen Kotkin’s lectures on Stalin, wherein he acknowledges that Stalin was a tyrant with blood on his hands, but he also emphasizes that Stalin really believed in the ideology behind these awful actions, and that Stalin wasn’t a cynical fascist, but someone who genuinely thought they were making the world a better place (even though he failed miserably, and allowed his unchecked power to corrupt him).

So I guess ultimately I’m really just looking for historians/sources that don’t do communist apologia but that also don’t give into the red scare narrative that communists want to eat your babies and communalize your toothbrushes.

Thanks!

5 Answers 2020-11-27

Can anyone recommend some books about the USSR between 1956-1980?

I have looked at the wiki and boock lists and everything seems to focus on the Stalin and pre Stalin era or the collapse. I really want to learn more about the USSR after Stalin but before Gorbachev. Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated.

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Mariners in the age of sail have a reputation for being exceptionally superstitious. But were they really more superstitious than the average person? What separated a superstition from a "regular stition" anyway?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Why were the largest monuments/pyramids in ancient Egypt built during some of the earlier dynasties and not later dynasties?

As the title says, it seems the most impressive monuments we have today, such as the Great Pyramid at Giza etc. were built in some of the earlier dynasties (such as 4600 years ago in the 4th Dynasty for the mentioned pyramid at Giza). Why is this? Why did they stop building such great monuments in later dynasties? I would think that as their civilization grew in size and complexity, and they developed more tech, they would be able to create larger and better monuments still. What changed?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Looking for help with a gift for a medieval history enthusiast...

Greetings Historians,

I’m not sure if this is appropriate or not to post here, but I was hoping to get some help with a gift idea I had for a family member is who deeply interested in medieval studies. To put it short: She’s read nearly everything I can think of in terms of pop culture books as well as some academic works on the history of medieval Europe. We’re talking a person who has a nearly encyclopedic knowledge of the royal families and geopolitics of the era, and I’d really like to surprise her with something special.

So, here’s my idea:

I’d like to find some harder to access materials that wouldn’t be on your typical bookstore shelf, or perhaps wouldn’t be the first items that would come up in a search for information on the era. I have access to research databases, so I was considering gathering some more interesting papers, reviews, and articles as well as maybe a major academic text or two. She’s also reported a gap in her knowledge related to the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East, which I’ve been able to look more deeply into thanks to some other helpful subreddits.

What I’m looking for would be suggestions of papers and other reading that might be intriguing to someone who I’d say has around an intermediate or upper intermediate understanding of royal lineages and geopolitics of the era; however, I don’t necessarily want something so technical that it’s overwhelming in terms of statistical analyses, etc. Maybe some watershed papers or ones that present controversial information you don’t typically see in published books (or that haven’t appeared yet in secondary sources). Ideally, something more academic than the pop culture books, but something less intense than meta-analyses and theoretical approaches that might require a dedicated degree to unravel.

Hopefully this post is okay, and hopefully you can help me find that sweet spot for her!

And thank you so much for your suggestions!

2 Answers 2020-11-27

(WWII) Was London bombed at any point during 1942? Or just earlier during the Blitz?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

What are some accounts of black markets (i.e. illegal private trade) that existed in Communist nations?

I've read occasional mentions of black markets that existed in Communist nations - for example, of collectivized farms that kept one set of books for the authorities and another that reflected illegal exchange with trusted community members.

What are some good written or verbal accounts of such private trade that went on in defiance of collectivization? I am guessing there was little documentation kept at the time, due to the underground and highly illegal nature of trade. But, maybe something exists in the form of memoirs or interviews?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Why are the Chinese Three Kingdoms called “Wei, Wu, Shu” instead of “Cao, Sun, Liu?”

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Construction of Medieval Cathedrals in Europe

If countries such as France, Germany and England by the early medieval period did not have substantive knowledge of ancient technology and science, such as Rome's, how were engineers of that era able to build such complex and gigantic cathedrals? For example, Notre Dame? Did engineers re-invent certain technologies?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

When and why did 18 become the widely-accepted age of majority?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

US consumer protection had a golden age from 1960-1978. Ralph Nader and other advocates successfully pushed for clean water and air regulations, as well as safer cars and other consumer goods. But by 1980 this seems to have stalled. Why did Americans lose interest in the once-wildly popular topic?

Also, steering well clear of the 2000 A.D. cutoff for this sub, Nader seemed to have runaway success and a lot of clout among politicians in his early years, but although he still kept up his original campaigns after 1980, he seemed to lose effectiveness as a changemaker. Why wasn't he able to get much done after 1980?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Is Eugene Genovese's "Roll Jordan Roll" still considered quality scholarship on slavery and plantation culture?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Did slave owners fully believe that slaves were not human or was that just their excuse to own them?

This question is regarding American slavery. Slaves were regarded as property, so not humans the same way free persons and white people were. Was this done just as a legal justification (and perhaps also for one's own conscience) for the owning of slaves, or did people wholeheartedly believe that slaves were nonhuman?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Friday Free-for-All | November 27, 2020

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

8 Answers 2020-11-27

Crusades - Bernard of Clairvaux quote

Hello, a student of mine has found this alleged quote from Bernard of Clairvaux on the BBC. Does anyone know the origin? I can't locate it. Thank you

"St Bernaud of Clairvaux wrote in 1140, Of mighty soldier, oh man of war, you now have something to fight for. If you win it will be glorious. If you die fighting for Jerusalem, you will win a place in heaven."

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zjbj6sg/revision/3

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Origin of Legio I Germanica

I recently started reading up on roman legions and found a discrepancy in the historical record on the origin of Legio I Germanica.I usually start with Wikipedia pages on each Legion and then try to gather more information from more academic articles/books.In this case the Wikipedia page on Legio I Germanica states:

"The most favored is that it was raised by Julius Caesar in 48 BC to fight in the civil war against Pompey."

Next when reading LEGIONS OF ROME by Stephan Dando-Collins I noticed that on p78 when discussing Legio I Germanica he starts off with:

"The 1st was Pompey the Great’s most elite and loyal legion, fighting against Caesar in the major civil war battles at Pharsalus, Thapsus and Munda."

I was immediately suspicious of the Wikipedia page since they can be unreliable, and besides that the Legions of Rome book has a lot more citations. This spurned me on the start researching the Legion even more and investigating the battle of Pharsalus especially. Upon reading this article I noted that on page 4 the author states that:

"Caesar, having approached the camp of Pompey, observed that his line was drawn up as follows: On the left wing were the two legions which had been handed over by Caesar at the beginning of the civil strife by decree of the senate, one of which was called the First and the other the Third. At that place  was Pompey himself. Scipio occupied the middle of the line with the Syrian legions."

This quote is cited directly from Caesars own account of the battle. That said on several occasions in that article and on other sources (even images of the battle) the 1st and 3rd legion were present on the left wing under the direct command of Pompey.

From what I understand so far it seems like the legion was first raised as a consular legion by Caesar and then given back to the Senate on their request and subsequently handed over to Pompey. With that in mind it seems that both of my initial sources are incorrect in some way: Wikipedia in stating that the legion fought for Caesar and the Legions of Rome in stating that the legion was recruited by Pompey. Although on the later part I might be making assumptions since it states the foundation of the legion "Stemmed from Pompey the Great’s most elite legion" (p78).

What I would like is some clarification on the founding of this legion especially who raised it. So far I have had no success in searching for clarification in academic articles (mostly due to my lack of great books on the subject and Googles inability to provide good articles). This especially bothers me since the main page that pops up on this subject might be wrong and I would like to correct it. I have already marked some lines as requiring citation in the Wikipedia article.

PS this is my first time posting on this sub-reddit, so I am sorry if I have not followed all of the rules about posting here. I will gladly adjust anything that is wrong.

1 Answers 2020-11-27

What did Europeans think of chili when they first got a taste of it? Any accounts of European Explorers getting a taste of tasty pain?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Could you recommend me some books about the collapse of Tokugawa Shogunate or early Meiji Restoration available in e-book form?

I'm writing an essay about this period, and I need a bibliography to use for it. I already have those books:

W. G. Beasley, "The Modern History of Japan"

Marius B. Jansen, "The Making of Modern Japan"

W. G. Beasley, "The Meiji Restoration"

Donald Keene, "Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World"

I need to add another book to that list. I need it in a pdf form though, since I don't have time or money right now to import a physical verion to my country. I'd prefer if it was also written by a Japanese author, but that's not necessary.

3 Answers 2020-11-27

How did US abolutionists view slaves escaping in the early 1800s? Did morality trump legality?

What did free people in the US who thought slavery was wrong typically think of "illegal" resistance to slavery before the Civil War? Did abolitionists tend to think that slaves were justified in attempting escape or (violently) resisting their captors? Or did most believe that the rule of law was more important?

Was the prevailing attitude "I hope slaves fight like hell," or "lawbreaking is still wrong, they should wait for the law to change?"

I imagine this might be difficult to answer, as public figures might feel compelled to condemn illegal action to avoid personal legal consequences, regardless of beliefs... perhaps private letters have been surveyed?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

1950's African American fashion trends

What were ways that black fashion in the 1950's (early days civil rights movement) differed from white 'mainstream' fashion?

When I've looked, websites seem to clump the 50's solidly in with the 60's, but they seem such different eras to me - were women starting to wear their hair naturally with fit and flare dresses?

1 Answers 2020-11-27

Why did the US government simply not buy the slaves out in 1860s?

Recently I found out that the UK's abolition act involved compensating the slave owners for their economic loss, so the government in fact bought the slaves and freed them. Why did the US not follow the same path?

2 Answers 2020-11-27

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