English - mother French - mere Czech - matka Hindi - maan mandarin - 媽媽 (mama) or 母親 (mu qin)

this could be more of a linguistics question though.

Was in Rome on holiday last week and noticed at the drains and manhole covers all have SPQR stamped on them. I'm aware that it's the old motto of the Roman Republic but why is it still so prevalent millennia later? Is it just a tourism thing?

I am not sure if I am phrasing my question correctly. Let me put it like this: I have seen plenty of cowboy movies and in pretty much none of them cowboys actually deal with cows.

I might be wrong but as far as I can tell there are two cowboys:

1. A realistic cowboy who just works on a ranch and herds cattle
2. The stereotype cowboy, is a lone wanderer who doesn't have a discernible job, moves from town to town, gets in fights or stands up for people. Always has a gun and is not afraid to use it.

How did the idea of cowboys go from farmworkers to the modern cowboy?

The commonwealth lasted from 1649-1660 and followed one of the most destructive times in Britain’s history. On the international stage, how did England’s relations change with other countries? Was there stronger links made with the Protestant nations? Or was it more of a negative attitude due to the anti-monarchist stance of parliament at the time?

In the the TV-show Mad Men, the 35-year old (roughly) Don Draper is shown to be able to afford a lavish life style, with a very large home, a good car, constant drinking and eating out as well being able to pay a rather handsome amount of cash to his estranged brother as well as supporting a family of four.

Given the fact that Don is fairly young, not a partner in the firm, having inherited no money and that taxes on income in 1960 could be very punishing... is it reasonable?

For example, Japanese Type 97 Chi Ha had 180hp, but Type 0 fighter had nearly 1000hp. I'd imagine they would be exactly the opposite?

I'm trying to develop a brief picture of the history of conservation biology and biodiversity for a lecture (as an undergraduate teaching assistant). I have some ideas but I wanted to know from some historians on some good places to start, key historical episodes and/or key figures to include.

I'm looking for a rough amount of ships and a visualization of that power, since just numbers can't express what such a navy actually did to a realm. Were there any comparable powers (especially feudal kingdoms and not merchant republics) with a similar navy? What were the effects?

It's often said that in feudal Japan the farmers were of a higher class than the artisans and the merchants. What did they actually mean? Was it mostly theoretical, a matter of abstract social esteem, or would a typical farmer actually enjoy a better quality of life than a typical artist or merchant?

The wiki page for "Song Structures" didn't help. I can trace it as far as early 60s (She Loves You by The Beatles).

When was the first music in this structure recorded and around which period did it become the default Song Structure.

So, Washington became America's first president in April of 1789. But the Revolutionary War ended in 1783. What happened in this (roughly) six years? Was anyone seen as a leader, or was it just a form of the congress running things for the time?

In ww2 did british tank hunting (companies, brigades,etc) exist? And if not what would be the plausibility of one existing around 1944?

The chapter in question is "To farm or not to farm"

It even happened that food-production systems were abandoned in favor of hunting-gathering. For instance, around 3000 B.C. the hunter-gatherers of southern Sweden adopted farming based on Southwest Asian crops, but abandoned it around 2700 B.C. and reverted to hunting-gathering for 400 years before resuming farming.

so this just came up between a friend and me. we talked about submarines and i remembered one that had a huge cannon mounted inside the tower, not on the deck.

i started searching for images or at least text on it, but couldnt find anything. i found some other submarine like ships that had cannons mounted in the tower, but not what i have in my head.

so things i still remember (but might be wrong):

• Most likely a german submarine
• single barrel cannon (20cm+ projectile) mounted in center of tower, can be yawed and pitched
• WW2 era as i remember it from school and we never did anything else

i know this isnt much info, but if we had it in school it shouldve existed. i hope i didnt hallucinate the whole thing and it was just a normal battle ship...

for the record i went to school in germany, and we had this topic somewhen in the mid 2000s