Say, the Aryans migrating from the Pontic Caspian steppes of Central Asian to the Indus Valley or the SA Hunter Gatherers going ALL the way to Australia?

Or the Siberian/North East Asian tribes that crossed the Bering strait into North America?

This was literally thousands and thousands of years ago before modern medicine, travel, shelter and mapping. How the hell did they cross thousands of miles of land and ocean without perishing in the attempt? How did these migrations take place? What motivated them to even leave (since they had no idea about the local geography)?

Most of all, how on earth did they cross oceans in say 3000 BCE? (Aboriginals of australia)

I appreciate all answers, cheers!

My googlefu has failed me on this one. I'm wondering about the commando attacks in Norway etc. against the Tirpitz and other Naval targets in the Norwegian Fjords.

What suits would the Allied Frogmen use for those operations and how long could they operate in the extremely cold waters?

I just read an internet comment denying that a southern strategy existed at all. Was Nixon the first to use racial grievances to gain support in the south? And when the strategy came out, we're people (particularly existing Republicans) offended, did they deny it? Or maybe it was not surprising/just another political strategy?

In fantasy, there are often weapons, especially swords of great heroes, with famous names and a dramatic backstory to them, such as Anduril, a blade only able to be wielded by the King of Gondor, or Dawn in Game of Thrones, with a fearsome reputation alongside the knight who carried it. In George Martin's Game of Thrones, the character Jaime Lannister even says "The best swords have names".

In mythology, there are also examples such as the famous sword Excalibur, or the weapons of the Norse Gods such as Mjölnir or Gungnir. But mythology is not history.

So, are there historical accounts of weapons with a famous name, wielded by great kings, staying in dynasties for generations as an heirloom, and the weapon itself earning a reputation, or is this just a fantasy trope inspired by mythology?

Was there any resistance among veterans or was support for the war mostly universal?. I'm asking mostly for the western powers.

The labor shortage in the UK is probably what stirred the industrial revolution, with the building of weaving machines and factories. Despite this, the UK keeps sending its people abroad, how come their people did not complain about the loss of cheap labor?

On the other hand, the Chinese Ming Dynasty likely put a stop to ship-building and ocean traveling, after many of its people settled abroad to places in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. However, the UK did not follow this isolationist policy, and instead, pursued markets and gave their disadvantaged or landless people greater potential abroad.

I was recently thinking about the parts of speech and the rules of language and observed that they aren't immediately obvious unless taught. (Especially the more subtle ones). Obviously they need to exist for the language to be consistent, but they may not be very well understood even by a person speaking the language. Would the average person in ancient times have understood the more nuanced grammatical rules of their own language? Would there even have been concrete, agreed apon rules to begin with?

[deleted]

Since their names are Publius Cornelius Scipio and Lucius Cornelius Sulla

I am not american and haven't really been interested in american history except the civil war and war of independence. But I heard that the democrats supported slavery in the past and lincoln was a republican. How and when did democrats become the liberal party instead of republicans who are now heavily conservative and repressive?

I know that formally the Confederacy was a democracy, but I mean, the very idea driving their struggle towards independence was the right to own slaves. So I guess they weren't the most open-minded guys, and I wonder if the "founding fathers" or the ruling elites planned to turn the Confederacy into a mock democracy or an autocratic regime - limiting or suppressing civil rights - had they won independence.

Most of the documents that we see in museums and history books are written in old style cursive handwriting. I can't imagine a world where that would be practical for everyday people. Do we have any evidence of more modern looking handwriting in less official documents?

A post by US Sen. Chris McDaniel claims that "Robert E. Lee was the most decorated soldier in the US Army." (That technically goes to Audie Murphy overall, but let's just look at it as of Lee's resignation in April 1861.) I have looked around, but haven't located any information about Lee's ribbons, medals, or other decorations at that time.

What decorations did he have? How did that compare with others who served in the Mexican-American War? Were there others with more?

I've heard it commonly said that the Yellow River Valley civilization reaching back at least 5000 years was the inception of Chinese culture & history, birthing the mythic Xià dynasty followed by the much more concrete Shāng.

That being said, most sources that I've found make the claim that Chinese (in one form or another) is just a bit older than 3000 years old, as evidenced by the earliest known examples of written Chinese that we've found.

All of that being said, surely the Yellow River Valley civilization spoke some language, even if they didn't write it down. & if China came from that civilization, it seems reasonable to me to suppose that they would have spoken some archaic form of Chinese. I mean, why would a relatively contiguous culture suddenly change languages if they didn't have to?

If I'm not mistaken about what I've said here, might that mean that there is good reason to believe that spoken Chinese is older than we have direct evidence to support?

I'm writing a concept for a comic book that takes place in three fictional East Asian kingdoms ( roughly corresponding to Japan, Korea, and China) in the 17th century. The two protagonists are of lowly birth but after encountering a specific character, they travel across the three kingdoms training to be great warriors like, if not better, than the warriors of the kingdoms armies. Now, if my knowledge of Japanese history is correct the samurais were members of the nobility just below the emperor and only they could be samurais. Despite taking some liberties with history (it is fictional after all), I still want to be accurate in my depictions. Any help? Thank you in advance.

I know we have a read this book in the side bar but there are so many good history books. I’d like to have someone say...hey read this book because it is accurate and awesome. I’ve lost so many good books in the flood of Baton Rouge that I need to replenish my library.

I have always wondered what divided Germans so quickly during post ww2 to the point that they would work border patrols to actively stop their countrymen from fleeing.