Where did these aesthetics come from? What's the deeper meaning behind them? To me it seems far too complicated to write like that, especially if you are a medieval monk writing whole books like this in a dark monastery room.

My question, which has been playing on my mind all week, refers to two eras in particular. Medieval times: who cleared the battlefields, i assume it was slaves/servants/women? And 20th century: more precisely "tank battles" such as kursk... who cleaned the thousands of derelict and destroyed tanks from the fields?

Thankyou kindly.

Specifically, I'd like to hear what Americans and British citizens at home thought of this act. I'd imagine there was some horror at this, but then again, I've never lived in the States during a time of total war, so I don't know if they were thinking "Whatever gets our boys back home" or something along those lines.

I was reading Thomas Jefferson's Wikipedia page and noticed that there is a second date listed as his birthday. If they quit using O.S. In the 16th century why is it relevant to Jefferson?

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Essentially, I want to know why men like George Washington, a man who was not ambitious or power hungry at all, became the leader of a new nation, while in France, they had a autocratic leader with Robespierre. Was this just luck, or was there something about American society that made this more likely?

I've heard that there used to be a theory that it was brought to the area by Bogomils, but that this is now discredited. So how did it start? Where did they get their ideas? Did they come up with by themselves, and if so why the similarities with other Gnostic movements? Was there a founder?

I was watching TV and I saw an annoying bit of product placement which got me thinking- what was the first product placement? Was there some play where the characters started talking about the quality of some product because they were paid to do so, or is this a modern phenomenon which only arose from film and television?

Just to be clear, I am asking about the advertisement of products in a work which wasn't created with this as the intent, so I am not asking about medicine shows and related events.

I've recently become very interested in 'the old west' and would like to learn more about the actual life back then. Things like relationships between different races and jobs and such. I feel like the majority of what I know is from Hollywood and I'd like to separate fact from fiction.

For the state: Why would you want an army that wasn't based on meritocracy? For the commander: why would you want to pay for a position, rather than be paid for it?

I just watched Son of Saul, which pictures a plot by the kapos and the Sonderkommandos inside an extermination camp. For those who saw the movie, may this be based on a true attempt? Are there any stories about revolts of this kind, or initiated by the people coming to the showers? If there are such revolts and they were crushed, how were they narrated/documented to us?

To enlarge, were there revolts occurring in concentration camps as well? I lost the reference of some prisoners escaping after managing to start an arson (if anyone recalls) but other kinds of revolts? Smuggling in firearms?

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In our current culture, sexuality is almost entirely defined by your preference in gender, but my understanding is that this was not always the case. People from hundreds or thousands of years ago would not have understood the concept of homo or heterosexuality, and used entirely different criteria.

So my question is, when did these modern ideals arise, and how? Did it stem from an 'othering' of the gay community that simply never went away, or is it more complicated than that?

Truman was only briefed about the development of the atomic bomb once he became President after Roosevelt's death. Why was he kept in the dark for so long?

Longstreet famously claims he wanted to disengage at Gettysburg and march to the right to place the Army of Northern Virginia on good defensive ground between the Army of the Potomac and Washington DC.

What good defensive ground(s) lie between Gettysburg and Washington DC?

Given the road network available to both sides, and assuming the Army of the Potomac also try to keep themselves between the Army of Northern Virginia and Washington, could the Army of Northern Virginia actually arrive there before the Army of the Potomac?

EDIT: Title should say marching to the right orz

Modern Hungarian is a Uralic language, and the Magyars are the Hungarian people. This said, they seem to have a Turkic aristocracy in pagan days. They intermarried with peoples they conquered before and after they settled in Hungary. As with any nation of that era, they had slaves, and presumably assimilated such slaves.

After they settled in the Hungarian plain, their population was cut down by the Mongol invasion. This was followed by an era of resettlement, with emigrants into Hungary from places like Germany who were likewise assimilated. In the Ottoman era, Hungary was for well over a century a battlefield, and again lost population, with a further period of population rebuilding & resettlement.

So how much of the old Magyar immigrant DNA heritage still remains in the veins of Hungarians? This has always interested me because language is never a proof of one's origin. At least usually it is not.

I just watched one of the last episodes of Cosmos and they were saying 9 in every 10 indians died during the conflict with the europeans because of these diseases. I was wondering if the europeans were also affected by new diseases.

Thanks in advance!

I have heard plenty about the Muslim conquest of Spain, their expansion throughout northern Africa, etc. but little of their spread Eastward. The Battle of Talas, as far as I know, aided in allowing Islam to become dominant over Buddhism throughout central Asia, but was there a formal expansion/empire present in this region as there was in Spain?

In addition to Central Asia, what about the spread of Islam into Russia, India, China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and the Phillipines? Was this more a result of trade/missionaries, or were there Muslim conquests and Islamic empires in these regions of the world?

Sorry if this is a very broad question.