I knew once I clicked on it I was gonna fall into some conspiracy claim filled video. I saw Prince (the musician) state that there were 8 presidents before Washington. Google pulls up names but ties them with states.

Who were these people? Provincial governors?

I don’t mean when was the first general election for parliament held? I mean when was the first time non politicians were given an opportunity to vote on anything concerning how they were ruled?

Is there any historical proof that the Romans or Jews made the decision for the crucifixion? Please help.

A book I was reading made brief mention of French noblemen who left France to join the Crusades during the mid-16th century, implying I presume, that they joined the Knights of Malta. But at least in pop history, we think of the Crusades as a thoroughly medieval phenomenon, and Wiki at least defines ,"the Crusades were a series of intermittent military campaigns in the years from 1096 to 1487", so again not a phenomenon of the Early Modern Era.

So, the main thing I was wondering then is how the idea of a continuing Crusade against, presumably, the Ottomans, was conceptualized in that period. I'm especially interested specifically in the French perspective, as it was also noted that France itself maintained relatively good relations with the Sublime Porte, so while individual Frenchmen might be heading off to fight the heathens, it seems that France itself was not a part of this. But France aside, I'm also quite interested in the concept as a whole within the Christian world of the time.

I understand that there is a certain degree of taking things as a matter of faith, but there is generally a desire to "prove" the truth of one's religion. Are there any Mormon archaeologists seeking out "prove" the stories in the Book of Mormon?

Was reading some comments and I saw this post

I'm not sure most people understand yet that the Oligarchy has been in power since the dawn of time....and that this is the first time in history that the people are truly rising up against the right FOE. This is some serious shower thoughts shit.

(i am not sure what FOE means)

I'm wondering, have people always thoughts like this even within a democracy?

Clearly it's not the first time in history people have risen up (so that statement is either hyperbolic or just wrong) but within functional democracies, it seems like the push for Trump and Sanders love is something unique.

Are there historical parallels?

Were there similar sentiments toward high powered families and industries in the past?

Reading his biography on Wikipedia, he seems to have personally led many expeditions to the South and to the East with considerable success. Why isn't he considered in popular history like Caesar, Napoleon or Frederick the Great as a great military commander? Did he have very good generals to do the job?

Edit: Damn it ... Charlemagne*

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"I shall make lower Egypt taste the taste of my fingers!"

Can someone explain this threat to me?

I'm curious if the Greek spoken by someone from, say, Thebes would have been intelligible by someone from Sparta. How distinct were city states' versions of Greek? When did these dialects coalesce into one standard version of Greek?

Were they Chinese or Mongolians?

Can anyone recommend a good in-depth biography of General Josip Broz Tito? Thanks

This is a question that arose for me a few years ago when reading the Engels book on the logistics of Alexander's army, but I ended up forgetting about it because it was grad school and I had other shit to do.

Basically my question is this:

Given that a sarissa is about six meters and extremely unwieldy to just be carrying around all the time when you and several thousand of your best friends are walking from Pella to India and back, including down the godforsaken Makran coast, you probably don't want to have it in your hands all the damn time.

But you still want to have it when you need to kill pesky foreigners who don't realize yet that their land now is your land.

So, you could pack a bunch of them onto horses, but they still are probably a little too big for that. Wagons might work but the ancient Greek words Arrian used for the animals in the baggage train indicate the army didn't have wagons. It might work to split the shafts down the middle for travel, and maybe screw them back together when it's time to kill people, but we'd have found like a bajillion little metal pieces that screw together, and somebody would probably have mentioned it, right?

How did they get thousands of eighteen-foot long spears from one place to another? Did individual soldiers seriously just carry them all damn day?

I'm eager to do some reading on the Pacific theater of the war, but I really want a Japanese perspective on it, especially from a common infantryman. I'm happy to hear any recommendations.

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Thanks for reading.

One of my favourite films is 'hero' and I got sucked into delightful research into early China.

So fascinating, and if someone can answer he title question with a bit of an explanation I would be grateful.

I've read stats saying upwards of 80% in China are Han, so why the name?

Is it different in Mandarin? What's the name in Cantonese?

Any interesting alternative names in minority languages?

Thanks so much for reading and any responses.