If the Japanese Surrender of WWII was under the condition that the Emperor would remain in power, why do modern history books still call it unconditional surrender?

I was reading the wiki page on Surrender of Japan and it kept saying that Japan surrendered unconditionally, but there's one part that says:

Early that morning (August 10), the Foreign Ministry sent telegrams to the Allies (by way of the Swiss Federal Political Department and Max Grässli in particular) announcing that Japan would accept the Potsdam Declaration, but would not accept any peace conditions that would "prejudice the prerogatives" of the Emperor. That effectively meant no change in Japan's form of government—that the Emperor of Japan would remain a position of real power.

August 12

The Allied response was written by James F. Byrnes and approved by the British, Chinese, and Soviet governments, although the Soviets agreed only reluctantly.

Thanks

1 Answers 2015-05-29

How did historians (or archaeologists) properly decipher the ancient egyptian hieroglyphs and how would one translate English into egyptian Hieroglyphs?

I know a bit about the rosetta stone and the help of it. But I can't imagine the work of deciphering such things properly. If I see a picture of a goose, I would assume it's meaning is to be a goose, but in hieroglyphs, a goose is (I think) pronounced ¨ete¨.

So, are there archaeologists, who can easily translate (maybe with the help of dictionaries) a sentence, eg. ¨I am a daughter of Bastet¨ into ancient hieroglyphs? Or vice versa for that matter, see a phrase/sentence in hieroglyphs and can translate it into their native language?

I tried myself with the internet to do this sentence or title (Dauhgter of Bastet) and am not sure if it's even remotely right... This is my try I used a book from my mum (hobby egyptologist) and this German webpage. I am sorry, I can't provide the title of the book, my mum's at work and can't look it up. I will try to add it up later today.

Additional question: Does ancient egyptian have grammar which can be compared to a modern language grammar?

Also I hope this is the right sub, otherwise I am open to suggested subs to ask this :)

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Why did France gain so little in winning against the UK in the American Independance War?

2 Answers 2015-05-29

I am a Portugese soldier conquering Malacca in 1511. What weapons and Armor am I using?

Also what else have I on me during the battle?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Did the world's nuclear testing affect global warming? If so, how much?

Since Global Warming is new science, this is based on it being true.

1 Answers 2015-05-29

What lessons, if any, did we learn from the Air war in Korea [1950-1953]?

The Air Wars over Europe & the Pacific are widely covered, understood, and romanticized aspects of WWII, while later conflicts don't seem to offer nearly as much material. To the casual observer, it might be easily said that as avionics transformed from propeller craft to super-sonic speeds, traditional dog-fighting and bombing escort missions met a sharp decline, and the role of the military pilot became more technical and less instinctual.

In my casual ignorance, I might liken the advent of jet fighter-power to be similar in trajectory as the early development of machine guns and howitzers during the American Civil War: equal parts Clumsy and Devastating with no shortage of unforeseen consequences on both sides.

How might I be wrong in these assertions, and what further reading might an interested person find to elaborate more clearly the role of fighter and bomber aircraft in our [NATO/UN] earliest conflict with organized Communist powers?

Thanks!

1 Answers 2015-05-29

How have Native American / First Nation Peoples -- those who would reside within the United States and Canada -- traditionally viewed the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica and South America? With Affinity? Nostalgia? Derision? Indifference?

I'm curious how the indigenous peoples of North America, once the nations of the United States and Canada were settled, have viewed those South and Central American pre-Columbian civilizations.

I know that, prior to the arrival of Europeans, there wasn't a lot of contact between the two continents. But once Europeans colonized and conquered, and began rediscovering the cultures the Spanish and Portuguese had destroyed, is there any historical documentation relating to native North Americans' feelings about these fallen civilizations?

These seem to have been generally more complex societies, with larger cities and greater wealth, than those civilizations from whom the native North Americans were descended (by the time of the Columbian Exchange).

So were they viewed as a kind of Lost Civilization, akin to how Europeans might look back on the Roman Empire? Did they see the commonly-held belief regarding their supposed brutalities and look down upon them? Did they simply view them as wholly alien and other?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

When Uranus was named at 18th century, did anyone notice the rather unfortunate spelling of that name? Or did Uranus sounded differently during that period and the jokes on the name were recent inventions?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

What did people think a static shock was before electricity was fully understood?

2 Answers 2015-05-29

Just how influential was Henry Kissinger in international events?

Any reading recommendations on the subject would be much appreciated as well!

3 Answers 2015-05-29

Why did the Italian flag first use the house of savoy's coat of arms over other regional coat of arms?

I figured it had something to do with Victor Emanuel III but he was born in naples. Whats the deal?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

What Native American tribes were allied with the United States government?

From the foundation of the republic to the civil war?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Why didn't the Mongols make the greatest cities in their empire their capitals?

Why didn't the Mongols make Baghdad, Kiev, and other various cities that they conquered that were large and rich their capital? Did the Mongols just have an aversion towards large palaces, temples, and monuments?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Who were the Occitans and where did this southern French culture come from?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Are war leaders like FDR, Churchill and Lincoln overrated because their side won wars?

FDR and Churchill were career politicians who just happened to be in the "right" place at the right time. FDR failed at the New Deal and all his anti-Great Depression programs and the war bailed him out. Churchill was bailed out by FDR into defeating Germany in WW2.

Lincoln was almost guaranteed victory in the Civil War because the North was so much bigger and stronger than the South.

I believe that certain leaders become overrated if they win wars. They are instantly turned into the greatest leaders of their time.

What do historians think?

2 Answers 2015-05-29

What kind of transportation hubs were equivalent to modern airports?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

What are some "well known facts" about the Ancient World that are complete rubbish? How did they come about and what's the truth behind them?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Why did Alan Turing Believe in Telepathy? Was it common at the time?

In "COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE" Alan Turing says the following:

I assume that the reader is familiar with the idea of extrasensory perception, and the meaning of the four items of it, viz., telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition and psychokinesis. These disturbing phenomena seem to deny all our usual scientific ideas. How we should like to discredit them! Unfortunately the statistical evidence, at least for telepathy, is overwhelming. It is very difficult to rearrange one's ideas so as to fit these new facts in. Once one has accepted them it does not seem a very big step to believe in ghosts and bogies. The idea that our bodies move simply according to the known laws of physics, together with some others not yet discovered but somewhat similar, would be one of the first to go.

It seems like he believed that telepathy was a scientific fact, or close to it. Obviously this is not a widely accepted idea any more. Was it popular at the time? What led to this?

A link to the whole paper below: http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html

1 Answers 2015-05-29

In 20th century there is an Assyrian nationalism who built their identity upon the Nestorian schism in late antiquity. But why is there no movement built upon similar schism in the same period?

In 5th century Nestorianism was deemed as a heretical Christianity, went into the eastern fringe of Roman Empire/Sassanid Empire, survived for centuries, and then emerged in the 20th century as a nationalist movement.

In late antiquity we have lots of strains in Christianity deemed as heretical. Monophysitism in Syria and Egypt are the other two biggest examples. But why don't we hear similar movement like the Assyrian nationalism? The 20th century Egyptian Coptic derived its legacy from the Egyptian Monophysitism, but I'm not sure if it's a movement akin to Assyrian nationalism?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Is this blog post about Vikings and Algonquins true or pure hogwash?

Here is the link to the blog post. It seems very untrue but as I know next to nothing about this subject I figured I'd ask you guys.

2 Answers 2015-05-29

Did the Cold War ever end?

2 Answers 2015-05-29

How did humans discover smoking tobacco?

So how did humans discover smoking tobacco? Or in that case, any sort of drug (disregarding alcohol). Did someone just throw some tobacco leaves (or any other drug that comes in plant form) on a fire and though "Dayummmmmm duddddd, dis sheet be outrageous" (i know nobody talked like that at the time, but you get my point)

1 Answers 2015-05-29

Before electricity was understood, what did people think a static shock was?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

How did the concept of 7 days in a week come about, and did all countries develop a 7-day week in themselves?

specifically, the danes I know conned the name sunday in europe. but the chinese also have a sunday. did this naming and the concept of a 7-day calendar come about through colonization, or did all cultures incidentally just naturally develop the same logic?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

What effect did the fall of Constantinople have on Columbus' discovery of the New World?

1 Answers 2015-05-29

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