When does historical work 'get started' on newer topics/people? It seems like Obama is going to have a fairly decent amount of historical consideration, and may be Bill Gates, possibly Tesla/Musk too or at least the people associated with the "Mars race." It seems like the rise of the smart phone would be something future historians might look into, too.
Are there currently 'historians' working on cataloguing everything things these to be studied later down the road? Is that even allowed for somebody who's considered a "historian" to begin working on somebody or something who/that's still 'making' history? Or is there just some point where stuff gets moved from the realm of promoters/PR people to actual historians with real degrees?
Could a freshly graduated history major choose to start working on Obama or Smartphones or whatever else, knowing that it'll eventually have some historical merit in the coming decades?
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Did it end up sinking, did they use the parts for other ships, did the ship wreck, or something else?
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I don't get why freedom of the press was acceptable and yet freedom of speech wasn't. Aren't they essentially the same thing? And even in that time, wasn't it easier to disseminate information through printing (making freedom of the press more dangerous than freedom of speech)?
edit: I am referring to the states of the United States of America
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I've just finished reading Timothy Mulligan's Lone Wolf: The Life and Death of U-Boat Ace Werner Henke (Praeger, 1993). I was really impressed by the way that Mulligan collated U-Boat war diaries, Kriegsmarine high command records, and Allied naval records to create a rich, contextualized account of Henke's career.
I have two more U-Boat books on the way, U-Boat commander Peter Cremer's memoir and a biography of Wolfgang Luth by Jordan Vause, published by the Naval Institute Press in 2001.
My question, though, is: what are the best academic/archive-based books about U-Boats during WW2? I'm looking for work that shares the strengths of Dr. Mulligan's rather than memoirs or trade press books.
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I've heard that there were non-francophone groups that participated in this rebellion, and in fact Wikipedia does outline a few Anglphones that were involved as supporters of the rebellion. But as a French-speaker going through the Quebec French schools, there was no mention anywhere of anglophones being involved. I understand this as a means to manipulate history to appeal to a sense of nationalism, but I want the truth.
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I was just curious to see if there was ever any fighting or whether there was just a real long gap.
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So for example i read that Hitler was using drugs. Did any of the others, i.e Stalin, Mussolini, Mao etc, use drugs?
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In The Plantagenets by Dan Jones, the author repeatedly stresses the importance of English mounted archers during campaigns throughout Britain and France. But he adds that these archers rode to the battlefield on horseback, then dismounted and fought on foot during the actual battle. Other sources differentiate between foot archers and mounted archers in troop estimates at Crécy.
So, is there any evidence of medieval English archers firing from horseback in the manner of Plains Indians? If not, what was so significant about the fact that they rode to the battlefield on horseback that historians still refer to them as "mounted archers"?
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And how would the logistics of resource transportation have been managed?
I encountered the claim about eradication of hunger in Charles Mann's 1491 but am having a hard time finding more information. His bibliography cites Vargas Llosa, 1992 "Question of Conquest", American Educator. I'm not sure how reliable that is.
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Examples:
Christ Pantocrator Icon from St. Catherine, c.6-7th century C.E., the oldest known surviving icon of Christ (as far as I know).
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There seems to be this "common knowledge" that the emancipation proclamation didn't actually free a single slave. There always seems to be a lot of cynicism around it. What was the real impact of the emancipation proclamation?
Also, why is it the effect of the words is not seen as granting rights to slaves in the same way it has been written in some court opinions that the current executive action grants affirmative rights to undocumented immigrants?
Thanks!
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How do I go about it? How much does it cost? How does it get paid? What if I also wanted to send a letter to my homesteading brother out in Wisconsin? Would it work the same?
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Long, incomplete list of examples of what I am talking about. Look for things like "first", etc. Will be adding more examples as I think of them:
First adoptee of jet technology: Me 262
Created the intermediate-round assault rifle concept; first to use assault rifles in general service: StG44
Modern LMG concept*: MG34
First to use remote-control unmanned vehicles in a military capacity: Goliath
Ballistic Missile concept: V-series (does that really need a link? Precursor to ICBMs, one of the dominant forces in the 20th century)
Modern armor doctrine: Again, this is very debatable; Soviet deep battle is similar but was not adopted until after the use of the 'blitzkreig' armor concentration doctrines
Stealth Aircraft, also first flying wing: Ho229
Heavy Airlift airframe (IIUC): Me323
Cornershot concept: Krummlauf
SAMs: Rheintocher
Nerve agents (much more effective chemical weapons, greatly superior to Allied compounds (not really relevant to war, but just supporting evidence)): Developed in Nazi Germany
Very long range bomber (IIUC): Ju89 'Ural'
Rocket powered aircraft (irrelevant in modern military): He176
/u/ChristianMunich's suggestions:
German mine technology circa WW2, specifically S-Mine - suggestion; I personally don't know anything about it
MK213 IIUC, this fighter cannon was seminal in the design of aircraft cannons in the West. Note that the GSh system in the USSR has a different lineage. ~~ ~~
All of the above were created in Nazi Germany and remain enormously relevant to modern warfare today. Aside from the atom bomb and developments in healthcare, it seems that Germany technologically outclassed every other military in the world (at least in terms of prototypes). The technological advantages of the Allies during the war, comparatively speaking, did not open the sort of doors to technological development in the modern day that the German research did. Consider the overlookable amount of interest today in developing radar(only example of significant new tech I'm aware of IIUC), sloped armor or new nuclear weapons versus the current interest in stealth aircraft, assault rifles or guided missiles.(See P^3 S)
Is this the case? Why were the Germans so far ahead of their peers? These research efforts and concepts, in most cases, remain fundamentally unchanged almost a century later*- why did the Germans think of them first? Or, why were the others so far behind?
PS: (Two things: Note that the modern American military (and virtually any modern military) is very reliant on concepts brought to the fore by the Germans. Consider the focuses of the largest and most controversial American projects: Stealth Aircraft, helicopter use for airborne infantry (tenous connection here to the Fa223), unmanned vehicles , guided missiles, night vision/ optics, and more that escape me.)
PPS: Not American, but the cornershot concept is still a line of inquiry 70 years after the German development
PPPS: Obviously Allied computing research and nuclear research remain major interests in the modern day; but most of the other Allied technological development during the war seems to be on subjects that are irrelevant to modern war but have far greater economic significance.
Note on LMGs: Aside from the Soviet DP27, I can't think of any major Allied power that issued real LMGs to mobile troops. The BAR and Bren are more automatic rifle than LMG. Note that the BAR is laughable today but variants of the MG42 are still in use today. See here
Note on the Navy side of things: I'm nowhere close to knowledgeable when it comes to the water. But, it does seem to me that the aircraft carrier was not entirely an Allied project; the Japanese did develop their own as well. I think that that statement rules out aircraft carriers as an Allied technological development that remains relevant today, but instead means that they are just still relevant.
Now, submarines do not seem all that relevant to modern war (to me as a layman), but the German focus on them during the war does seem to support the notions above. While other nations had submarines as well, the Germans seemed to be the major player in the concept. While submarines may not be as relevant today, they truly exploded in relevance after WWII when combined with the German guided missile technology. I'm very tired so I will come back and elaborate. See /u/thefourthmaninaboat's post here
On rockets: AFAIK, the German missile programs were unique in several ways, and constitute a departure from old applications. AFAIK, previous to the V series, rockets were used only in a tactical context, starting way back in the Napoleonic era. The concept of rocket artillery is still relevant today, with systems like the MLRS or Tornado. During WWII, the major use of rockets on the allied side was for systems like the Grad or Calliope, or as close air support munitions.
The German use of rockets also included that concept, in platforms like the Nebelwerfer. However, the Germans revolutionized the use of rockets by making them into ballistic missiles (AFAIK). These were used strategically, rather than tactically. Due to the limits of 1940s guidance, at best they could be targeted at cities; but the conceptual shift is still apparent. However, they also developed specialized rockets to target specific targets rather than a general area (particular tanks, ships or planes), marking a second major conceptual shift. These two shifts come together to form what we know today as missiles.
Edit: I have to go to lecture. I posed the question poorly, so I may return later and ask it correctly. I'm not very knowledgeable about these specific (and very flawed) examples; however the discussion is getting off-topic from the original question about military and technological concept development during WW2. The examples are meant as examples for a possible conclusion on the question; the examples are not the post. All aside, this thread is fucking fascinating. You've all really outdone yourselves.
13 Answers 2015-04-14
During my basic courses in business school Maslow's hierarchy of needs was cited quite often, while in higher courses of personal and organizational management it got shunned by my lecturers. In inter-cultural communications Hofstede's criticism was highlighted and lack of empiric evidence since the 70s mentioned. That made me think about how it became general knowledge and why many of my older relatives are aware of the concept and acknowledge it as truthful.
That leads me to my questions, how and why did Maslow's hierarchy earned its influence; what did its growth look like; why was it (seemingly) used so often in business management and politics?
What influences had its anthropogenetic view on society or political practice? Most interesting would be to see places in which it was really used as tool or foundation of action.
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I read somewhere that Pythagorus burned 100 oxen, just to clear his head. What was the Agora like in general? Are there any good sources to find out?
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I know this question technically spans three centuries and hundreds of unique people groups, so I apologize in advance for the generality.
I've been reading a lot contemporary accounts of captivity narratives (think Mary Rowlandson or the Oatman Sisters) all of which share elements of seeming very embellished and with an obvious bias/agenda and racial bent.
How much of the (sort of weirdly parallel) facts of these tales would have been accurate to the true experience, and which were more about a clutch-your-pearls genre? And why did Native American tribes tend to take female hostages? Was this cultural, sexual, or economic?
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Edit: I meant Operation Bagration, not Barbarossa. Sorry for the confusing title!
I hear a lot about how attacks are carried out on a grand scale - i.e. this many tanks and men attacked here and after a struggle overcame the enemy, etc. etc. But I don't know much about how the men on the ground would have attacked and overcome the enemy, the steps they would have taken, etc. How would they typically go about it?
I've chosen platoon sizes fairly arbitrarily, it seemed like a size large enough to have been examined before and small enough to cover the kind of tactics I'm asking about. I'm by no means a military buff so if there's a more appropriate unit size, or if you feel the topic focus needs narrowing, please do answer based on how you think the question is best approached.
I have also chosen two specific time periods to make it a little less broad: the beginning of the war in the east at the height of Germany's power and the beginning of the counter attack of Bagration when the Red Army was a lot more experienced and felt capable of beginning a massive campaign like Bagration.
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