An Ancient Chinese poem says, "Beneath lie men who died long ago / Black, black is the long night that traps them... Thousands of years they lie without waking." Was the Ancient Chinese view of the afterlife really so gloomy?

The poem is the thirteenth of the Nineteen Old Poems, probably from around the second century AD. It goes thus:

I drive my chariot up to the Eastern Gate;

From afar I see the graveyard north of the Wall.

The white aspens how they murmur, murmur;

Pines and cypresses flank the broad paths.

Beneath lie men who died long ago;

Black, black is the long night that holds them.

Deep down beneath the Yellow Springs,

Thousands of years they lie without waking.

In infinite succession light and darkness shift,

And years vanish like the morning dew.

Man's life is like a sojourning,

His longevity lacks the firmness of stone and metal.

For ever it has been that mourners in their turn were mourned,

Saint and Sage -- all alike are trapped.

Seeking by food to obtain immortality

Many have been the dupe of strange drugs.

Better far to drink good wine

And clothe our bodies in robes of satin and silk.

What are the roots of such a nihilistic view towards death? Was this at all typical of Ancient China?

1 Answers 2017-11-03

Friday Free-for-All | November 03, 2017

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

17 Answers 2017-11-03

Why are the buttons in men's shirts on the right and women's shirts on the left?

1 Answers 2017-11-03

Where can I find a good source on Roman religious practices?

I've been watching a lot of documentaries on the Roman empire and am curious about Roman religion during those times. I'm interested not in the mythology and stories (ie Jupiter is the god of the sky or whatever) but rather how the people of the time worshipped those gods, what kind of rituals, which gods did they worship, where and how was this done, etc. And I understand this likely changes many times throughout the history of the republic/empire. I hope my question makes sense.

2 Answers 2017-11-03

Was Beethoven really deaf or was it just a myth to increase his popularity?

1 Answers 2017-11-03

When did cities stop being build with protective walls surrounding them?

2 Answers 2017-11-03

Does the current alphabet/pronunciation in Scandinavian languages more or less line up with early English, before the great vowel shift?

I've learning a little Danish and noticed that it seems like most Danish vowels are pronounced much like the English vowel preceding it in the alphabet, but the constants are closeish to English, unlike, say Russian.

1 Answers 2017-11-03

At what point did humans understand the existence of timezones - i.e. that the sun didn't rise and fall the same way everywhere?

was this discovery made as the result of scientific discovery and astronomy by people like Pythagoras and Galileo or was it made by explorers who compared time etc... How was this discovery made? was it topic of argument? how did it become known as truth?

3 Answers 2017-11-03

What happened to Constantinople's population after the Arab conquest of Egypt?

Egypt was the breadbasket of the roman world, and I'm presuming this would have shifted to the eastern roman world. You can correct me if I'm wrong on that.

What, if anything, happened demographically after egypt was conquered by the expanding arab empire?

1 Answers 2017-11-03

Article 24 of the Magna Carta stipulates that "no town or person shall be forced to build bridges over rivers except those with an ancient obligation to do so." What would qualify as an "ancient obligation" in this case?

2 Answers 2017-11-03

Are there any English-speaking (non Italian) historians that deal with fascist Italy?

Hi! Trying to get a reading list together and I'm having some trouble! Any help would be appreciated, thank you!

3 Answers 2017-11-03

"Carthago delenda est." As a layman, the Third Punic War appears to not be a war of conquest but of total destruction and calculated genocide. What are the arguments against it being classified as such?

1 Answers 2017-11-03

What does the "evidence for the Crown" mean in English courts?

Background: In a history book about witchcraft prosecutions in Tudor and Stuart England, author described how an Assize works, and mentioned

examinations of the accused taken before the Justices of the Peace were read to the jury, if they were evidence for the Crown

It seems that "evidence for the Crown" was a law term used in that historical period. But I've been searching on google for a couple of hours, and only found out that "evidence for the Crown" is a synonym of king's evidence/queen's evidence/crown's evidence. However, no dictionary gives further explanation.

Any relevant information would be appreciated. Thanks!

1 Answers 2017-11-03

What did dragons mean in Goryeo Korea.

Apologies for the rather specific question. Im writing about the Korean poem "The Turkish Bakery" for a class.

The Turkish Bakery

I go to the Turkish shop, buy a bun, An old Turk grasps me by the hand. If this story is spread abroad, you alone are to blame, little actor. I will go, yes, go to his bower: A narrow place, sultry and dark.

I go to the Samjang Temple, light the lantern, A chief priest grasps me by the hand. If this story is spread abroad, you alone are to blame, little altar boy. I will go, yes, go to his bower: A narrow place, sultry and dark.

I go to the village well, draw the water, A dragon within grasps me by the hand. If this story is spread abroad, you alone are to blame, o scooper. I will go, yes, go to his bower: A narrow place, sultry and dark.

I go to the tavern, buy the wine, An innkeeper grasps me by the hand. If this story is spread abroad, you alone are to blame, o wine jug. I will go, yes, go to his bower: A narrow place, sultry and dark.

It's mostly pretty straight forward, but for the life of me I cannot figure out what the "dragon in the well" is supposed to mean. Does it have some sort of symbolic meaning? Is it just fanciful imagery?

Any help is greatly appreciated :)

1 Answers 2017-11-03

Did the allies ever foil any Nazi plots that would be considered supernatural or ahead of its time

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1 Answers 2017-11-03

[Meta]The book and resources list for Latin American history seem kind of scarce for the colonial era and the histories of the different nations after independence

I was looking through the book recommendations because I've realized I don't really know enough about the history of my own country (Argentina) and the other Latin American nations and I wanted to fix that. So I came to see the sub's reading list because it's been a great starting point when I've been curious about other parts of the world, but sadly, I'm unable to find much this time. Would it be too much to ask for some general histories of each Latin American country?

1 Answers 2017-11-03

Good Resources for Researching Ancient to Modern Religions?

I am starting to educate myself on the history of religious beliefs - something I have always been interested in, but never took the time to look into faithfully.

Specifically, I have found that many religions seem to have a common thread of similarity between their gods, creation ideas, etc.

I am looking to start from the beginning, which as far as I am aware is the Sumerian culture. What are some good books, articles, videos, etc. that would start me off on a good starting point on Sumerian beliefs - and I'd especially be interested in works that put a heavy emphasis on surviving literature from those time periods.

Also, any help in general on good authors on these topics or even sites/ books that have translations of ancient scriptures and stories so I can look at it from the cultures own words would be great.

Thanks!

1 Answers 2017-11-03

Why were the two Germanys reunited so hastily in 1990? Did have a direct correlation with the decline of the Soviets?

1 Answers 2017-11-02

Looking for research suggestions (Undergrad)

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1 Answers 2017-11-02

I have a coin that was minted in Kabeira, Pontus ~100BC. What would life be like for someone who would have held this coin when it was new(ish)?

First off, here's a link to a similar coin: http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/pontos/kabeira/BMC_1246.jpg I found the coin in with my Dad's stuff after he passed. I love being able to hold something that was also held by someone else so long ago. I've found some info on Pontus and King Mithradates VI but very little on Kabeira. With that said, I'd like to add a couple more questions, if I may. What do we know about Kabeira during this time and have we located any ruins? Is this a place I could go?
Cheers

1 Answers 2017-11-02

Best of October Voting Thread

Vote for what you liked. Submit something you liked and don't see here!

11 Answers 2017-11-02

Information about the Barbary Slave Trade?

I'm doing a project on the barbary slave trade, and I was wondering if there was any information on it? Books, websites, etc. would all be great. If anyone has credible sources I'd love to hear about them or if they have any information they'd like to share, that would be a great assistance to me.

While it might be a long shot, I'm also looking to interview anyone who might have any information about it, so if anyone is knowledgeable on the subject or might be able to help me contact someone who is, I would greatly appreciate that.

Thanks for any help!

1 Answers 2017-11-02

How might have the general populace viewed the ancient Greek symposium?

As I understand it, the Greek symposiums provided a place to exchange ideas and concepts, and be generally social with fellow thinkers. All the reading I've done talks about philosophers, artists, writers, etc. as the most common guests at a symposium, but what of the average citizen?

What kept the average citizen from attending these parties and how did they view them? Was it a matter of wealth or status?

Some of my reading discussed that anyone was welcome at a symposium, so long as they are male and provide good conversation.

Thoughts?

1 Answers 2017-11-02

When and how were the crazy borders in Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) created?

I know that some borders in the past were created based on the religion of the people living there, hence the split between Belgium and the Netherlands. Was this the same case?

1 Answers 2017-11-02

With the lack of evidence, and abundance of mystery, regarding the construction of the Great Pyramid, why have mainstream historians seemingly closed the case?

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1 Answers 2017-11-02

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