If the latter, what were they and from where did they originate?

I know that their were famous female pirates, but how were they able to command ship crews? I would assume that pirate men of the early 1700's had the same view of women as other men in Europe, so how did female pirates overcome the prejudice they would've likely faced from their male crew?

In my history class, we were taught that Hitler wanted to fight with Russia against the Allies but Hitler even said that the greatest threats to Europe were Jewry and Bolshevism. Surely fighting with the Read Army would promote the spread of communism in Western Europe and then Hitler would have an even bigger issue after the war, presuming that he won. Could it just be that Hitler was deluded or am I missing something?

Does anybody know if there are communities anywhere in the world of people with Alan heritage or if the people who they were back then still exist today? Also, would they be considered more "whiter"/have more European blood than other Iranians?

There must have been someone who was fishing or out on a trade voyage and went out far enough, accidentally found new land. He/She would have immediately told the Czar.

To clarify, first hand accounts of people outside of the movement, and before these movements took hold of their country's government.

Potential follow-up questions: Is there a sense in these accounts that these populist movements need to be address, and that bystanders are just as responsible to any resulting consequences, or are populist movements best left alone, and any attempt to stop them might accidentally "add fuel to the fire"? Can we sort of pin point the moment when a movement has gone to far, and therefore must be stopped for the greater good?

These questions aren't meant to be indicative of current events, and I am in no way trying to suggest that the certain movements are on par with the certain movements of the past, but to it always discouraging to me when someone ends a debate with, "well so & so can't be like Hitler or Mussolini until they've killed millions" or something on the same level.

I understand that they had never been to the new land before, but they had to have known it got warmer the further south they traveled. Why did they end up settling so far north?

Are there any instances of futurism before the 18-19th centuries? Descriptions of what the future might be like from the perspective of, for example, a medieval scholar?

As the title says, after Hawaii's annexation, were the Native Hawaiian people recognized as US citizens right away, or were they stuck in a type of limbo-like status lacking in the full rights of a US citizen? Any insight is appreciated, as is any sources for further reading!

There are a lot of text sources out there but wondered if anyone had any favorites for breadth, rigor and engagement. Thanks!

I recently had a conversation with a person that I believe to be very informed on the subject, and he basically shared with me his belief that a lot more German citizens were aware of much more of what was going on than most people think today.

Now, I had always learned that the Nazis were extremely discreet and fooled the general population into thinking they were whisking away these minorities to segregated "communities" for whatever they believed the reasons to be. I have observed this theory to be widely claimed by peopled governments and organizations alike.

But it is interesting to think that maybe the population wasn't as ignorant as is generally taught. I ask this question without intent to disrespect. I m aware that we are talking about a large group of citizens here, and surely they didn't all know or not know. But I am asking if it is even possible that the modern-day perception of the ignorance of the Holocaust is inaccurate.

Any documentaries, readings, or threads would be much appreciated!

I was hoping some scholars of the Classical world could help clarify this one. Or, rather, clarify why it's so hard to come to any sort of conclusion or consensus on this.

It's become topical again as Firaxis (developers of the Civilisation games) is choosing to class Macedonia and Alexander as seperate civilisations to the Greeks, and this has stirred this old debate in /r/civ and across the internet again.