Was America concerned at all with Russia trying to expand into Asia? Was America perturbed by the fact that Russia had growing control over Poland?

'Fundamental law' is a term that keeps popping up as I read books on 17th century England, but I'm not quite sure what it is or how to place it in the right context. If possible, I would like to know:

• What is 'fundamental law' (in the context of England)?
• Where did this concept come from?
• How did Englishmen in the 17th century utilise this concept in the sphere of politics?
• Presumably 'fundamental law' is incompatible with the notion of parliamentary sovereignty, so how did the latter theory come to be dominant?

I know this is quite a legal/political question but I'm hoping someone can help me out with the history. Thanks in advance!

As Christianity became more popular throughout the Roman Empire, I'm wondering if there was an effort by the Greco-Roman clergy to adapt the Christian God into their pantheon, under the name of one of their Gods or not.

Welsh teams play in English soccer leagues while Scottish teams do not. Wales uses Bank of England notes while Scottish banks are allowed to print their own notes. Scotland has independence referendums while Wales has had none that I know of. There must be more examples which I do not know of. I am an outside observer(American) so I do not know all the intricacies of the various Acts of Union in the UK. What would be the closest American concept to think of the various British nations, are they treated like American states or more like the various member nations of the EU?

The example that was given was that they'd pay their soldiers based on the number of heads they brought back on their belts. What was this dynasty? And why did it fail, if its system was so successful?

Many countries claim successorship from Kievan Rus', most notably Russia and Ukraine. The formal origins of Russia or the establishment of a 'true' Russian culture seems to lie within various events between the 12th and 16th century. The defeat of the Khanate by Ivan the Terrible in the 1500s seems to hold the pivotal clues to the origin of Russia as a nation. Although the blurry history has led me to approach this question from a linguistic stance. From a linguistic perspective, the Ukrainian language contains heavy Polish and Russian influence. Subsequently this fact yields another question - did the modern day Ukrainian culture exist before the Russian culture or does Ukrainian culture stem from the original Russian culture?

The Russian word for Ukraine, Украина, is the formation of a preposition + noun, respectively У + Край (У - by, Край - border, edge). Is the 'edge (Край)' in relation to Europe proper or Russia? If the latter is presumed it would be supplementary to establishing the fact that Russia (i.e both the formal nation and culture) preceded Ukraine, in my opinion.

The history is interesting and complex. Unfortunately I couldn't find a definitive or satisfactory answer to this question.

Thank you

All I can seem to find are World War 2 accounts and I'm interested in the Nara period into the Heian period. And maybe some other books about the feudal era. Geographically my university doesn't have any professors that are familiar with this and I want to get a jump on learning this material before starting to study it. Many thanks in advanced!

I'm about to show this speech to a group of boy scouts, ages 11-17, and I'd like to provide them with a brief introduction.

I don't mind being a bit dramatic about it -- after all, it is a dramatic speech and I want to set the tone appropriately. I'm just wondering if you have some good advice on which historical points I should touch on to provide the best possible context.

I also need to guide them through a discussion of the following:

"Explain the importance of the speech at the time it was given, and tell how it applies to American citizens today."

What are some things I should make sure to touch on?

Thanks for all your help!

Was it anything like today, with the dressing up and the rattles and the candy?

How did the British working class manage to leave the state of pauperism? I know about the importance of friendly societies, trade unions, and the agricultural revolution in England that went along with industrialization, but I don't quite know what the actual importance of any of these were. Can anyone explain? Also, I'd be incredibly happy if you could provide me with any good sources or further readings on the topic. Thanks a lot!

I would love to get as close as possible to a common origin if possible.

From what I understand, the word Africa comes from the word Afri, meaning Carthaginians. However, what would they, the Carthaginians, have called it?

I am assuming this would be a better place to ask this as opposed to /r/AskLinguistics due to the historical nature and obscurity of the question, but please if I am wrong tell me.

This might be a long shot, but i am looking for a book that have their history, faith, culture, weapons and enemies explained. I have been dreaming for such a book for a long time, but it's hard to find a book that covers all or most of those things.

Thanks in advance.

I've had a look at /r/AskHistorians recommended reading list and used the search bar but I've mainly been finding more social or political histories. I was wondering if anyone could recommend any books which focus on the economic.

Thanks in advance!